Dr
Clifford Nxomani
(NRF - Deputy Chief Executive Officer:)
, Dr
Daniel Adams
(Dept of Science and Technology)
, Dr
Tshepo Ntsoane
(Necsa)
11/11/2019, 10:00
Dr
Ntsoane Tshepo
(Necsa Limited SOC)
11/11/2019, 11:30
Synchrotron radiation has revolutionized basic and applied research in many fields of science and technology. South African, like many countries, has seen an ever increasing number of scientists accessing such facilities around the world. Despite spiralling cost and long distance travel, South African synchrotron usage has therefore increased steadily over the last decade.
This talk aims...
Prof.
Bryan Trevor Sewell
(University of Cape Town)
, Dr
Tshepo Ntsoane
(Necsa)
11/11/2019, 12:00
Effective use of Large Scale Research Infrastructures (LSRI) requires considerable local infrastructure to first be in place. In the case of a LSRI for analysis of samples or materials, a strong local capacity in acquisition and preparation of research material is required as well as an established excellence in the understanding of that material in the general research context. The proposers...
Prof.
Simon Connell
(University of Johannesburg)
11/11/2019, 12:15
Inspired by the rallying call of Science for Development, Science for Peace, and Science itself, a large cohort of Scientists and Policy Makers and others, from Africa and beyond, have identified the African Light Source as a priority. This large scale science research infrastructure is the leading example of a resource hosting multi/inter/trans- disciplinary research activities. These include...
Dr
Clifford Nxomani
(NRF - Deputy Chief Executive Officer:)
11/11/2019, 12:30
Dr
Daniel Adams
(Dept of Science and Technology)
11/11/2019, 12:45
Dr
Marcus Newton
(University of Southampton)
11/11/2019, 14:15
New materials for the capture of light and mechanical energy can potentially enable low-cost and innovative renewable sources of energy while eliminating negative effects on the environment that are inherent when non-renewable sources of energy are utilised. Energy materials characterisation with synchrotron x-rays is a vital tool for the development of modern and next generation energy...
Dr
Hester du Plessis
(Sasol)
11/11/2019, 14:30
The African Neutron and Synchrotron Data Analysis Competency (ANSDAC) project aims to develop expertise amongst emerging Africa-based faculty researchers to engage with and make use of large scale international institutions such as neutron and synchrotron light sources. It is funded by the Newton Fund administered by the Royal Academy of Engineering, and the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in...
Prof.
Simon Connell
(University of Johannesburg)
11/11/2019, 14:45
We describe an initiative funded by a 3-year, 300K-Euro grant from the International Science Council (ISC) to the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) in collaboration with over 30 partner organizations that include 16 advanced light sources to enhance the utilization of advanced light sources and crystallography in five...
Prof.
Delia Haynes
(Stellenbosch University)
11/11/2019, 15:00
In recent years, there has been significant effort devoted to the formation of regional crystallographic associations in the developing world. During the International Year of Crystallography in 2014, an IUCr-UNESCO summit was held in South Africa. One of the outcomes of the summit was a declaration that envisaged the formation of an African Crystallographic Association, AfCA. This...
Prof.
Simon Connell
(University of Johannesburg)
11/11/2019, 15:15
The Floor puts Questions and Comments to the Panel of seekers who gave talks in the session
Prof.
Simon Connell
(University of Johannesburg)
11/11/2019, 15:25
The Floor and Panel come to Resolutions and Conclusions.
Conclusions
This SA-ESRF meeting builds on more than a decade long deep commitment to develop the User Base in Africa reflecting the Global nature of Science and the ESRF as a leading international facility.
ESRF-EBS represents a very dramatic increase in figure of merit (FOM) of performance of both source and detector (100x100)...
Dr
Harald Reichert
(European Synchrotron Radiation Facility)
, Dr
Jean Susini
(ESRF)
11/11/2019, 16:00
Dr
Ezekiel Omotoso
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria)
11/11/2019, 17:00
The capture barrier energy of the E-center deep level defect induced in Pd/Sb-doped Ge by alpha-particle irradiation has been studied. Palladium Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) fabricated by resistive evaporation technique were successfully characterised by current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V), conventional and Laplace deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The rectification...
Mr
Masilo Ramafemo
(University of Witwatersrand)
11/11/2019, 17:00
Bismuth-oxide based electrolytes are well known for their high oxide ion conductivity at intermediate temperatures (300-700°C). Indeed, the defect fluorite structured δ-phase of Bi2O3 shows the highest known oxide ion conductivity of any material. Unfortunately, this phase is only stable above 730°C and much research has been carried out on stabilizing this phase to lower temperatures through...
Ms
Michelle Thiebaut
(University if the Witwatersrand, School of Chemistry, Materials for Energy Research Group, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials (DST – NRF CoE-SM))
11/11/2019, 17:00
Lithium ion batteries convert chemical energy into electrical energy and the process is reversible making them suitable for energy storage systems.(1) Having efficient and long term storage devices allows for increased use of sustainable energy sources. The cathode material remains the largest focus area for the improvement of the battery performance (2) and any structural changes of the...
Ms
Gugulethu Nkala
(Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, private bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa)
11/11/2019, 17:00
NASICON-type materials such as rhombohedral LiTi2(PO4)3 (LTP), belonging to the R-3c space group, have been studied as potential solid-state electrolytes because of their thermal and chemical stability, as well high ionic diffusion attributed to their 3D framework consisting of TiO6 octahedra, corner-linked to PO4 tetrahedra, allowing for fast transportation of Li+ cations. [1] However, the...
Dr
wilfred Mbiombi
(wits university)
11/11/2019, 17:00
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin film is an amorphous carbon consisting of sp3 bonded and sp2 bonded carbon, and in addition contain up to several tens atomic percent of hydrogen. it can be used as protective anti –reflecting coatings for basic silicon solar cells to enhance the cell efficiency. On the other hand, it can be changed the opto-electronic and mechanical properties that depend on...
Mr
Olayinka Oluwatosin Abegunde
(University of Johannesburg)
11/11/2019, 17:00
TiC thin film has many industrial and scientific applications due to its favourable properties. In this study, TiC thin film was deposited on Ti6Al4V alloy substrate to improve the surface properties. Structural characterization of the evolving properties was carried out. Grazing incidence X-ray diffractometer GIXRD was used to determine the crystallographic structure of the film. Structural...
Mr
Dennis Malihase
(University of the Witwatersrand)
11/11/2019, 17:00
The demand for electricity is rapidly growing in developing countries and electrochemical devices such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have shown promising developments to mitigate the demand. SOFCs are devices that convert chemical fuels (such as CO, H2 and ethanol) directly into electrical energy and this process is more efficient than any combustion process. They reduce the dependence on...
Ms
Thalia Carstens
(Stellenbosch University)
11/11/2019, 17:00
The discovery of actuating materials, or materials that respond to external stimuli (light, heat, pressure etc.) has shed light on an entirely new area for exploration in the fields of crystal engineering and the chemistry of the solid state. Many of these actuating responses coincide with some sort of phase transformation or solid state reaction. Although the mechanisms of the transformations...
Adam Shnier
(University of Witwatersrand)
11/11/2019, 17:00
Hybrid-perovskite solar cells have shown rapid development over the last decade reaching 25.2% efficiency in 2019 [1]. Their commercialization is precluded by device stability. The use of mixed cations to substitute the A-site cation site in the prototypical MAPbX3 has shown to greatly improve stability, tune the bandgap and modify the microstructure of the photoactive layer towards a more...
Mr
Mathias Kiefer
(Wits University)
11/11/2019, 17:00
SOFCs have emerged as a leading candidate in the search for an efficient and environmentally friendly source of electrical energy.[1-7] SOFCs are, however, marred by a variety of limitations[1,4,6] which have prevented the widespread commercialization of this technology. Most of these limitations stem from the high operating temperature (typically 800-1000 °C) that is associated with these...
Dr
Jonathan Wright
(ESRF)
12/11/2019, 09:30
Atomic structures can be determined using X-ray diffraction and this technique has already had a huge impact on a wide range of scientific disciplines. The upgrade of the ESRF source will bring another order of magnitude increase in the X-ray flux available for diffraction experiments in many beamlines. Detector upgrades are also planned in order to get the full benefit of these source...
Prof.
David Billing
(University of the Witwatersrand)
12/11/2019, 10:00
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) and Solid Oxide electrolyser cells (SOECs) are exciting electrochemical devices that could provide unique and revolutionary solutions to some of the renewable energy challenges facing society. Central to the design of these devices is the need for a solid electrolyte that is an excellent oxygen ionic conductor whilst simultaneously being and electronic insulator....
Dr
Mashikoane Mogodi
(University of Cape Town)
12/11/2019, 11:30
Africa does not have a synchrotron, and while the establishment of a synchrotron light source on the African continent continues to be discussed, these initiatives get stalled by the lack of expertise on the African continent in successfully designing an experiment and analysing the large amount of data. In this contribution, I will highlight some collaborative projects between African...
Dr
Kudakwashe Jakata
(University of the Witwatersrand)
12/11/2019, 12:30
Prof.
Wolf-Dieter Schubert
(University of Pretoria)
12/11/2019, 14:30
The discipline of structural biology has had a rocky start and chequered history in South Africa. Despite structural biology having transformed the life sciences over the last half century and the continued relevance being documented almost daily through novel revelations in the premier scientific journals such as Nature, Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), New...
Dr
Harald Reichert
(European Synchrotron Radiation Facility)
12/11/2019, 16:30
There is a strong competition for beam time at the ESRF. Access is based on submission of a Research Proposal. The proposal success rate averages 45%, but certain facilities are more in demand than others. Proposal are judged primarily on scientific merit. Technical feasibility, safety and ethics must also be assured. Although the EBS project has led to a service interruption, the proposal...
Dr
Mmantsae Diale
(University of Pretoria)
13/11/2019, 09:00
Semiconductors have been used in solar water splitting since the initial report on hydrogen production using TiO2. Thus far, materials explored to achieve theoretical solar to hydrogen efficiency (STH), included cadmium selenide (CdSe), zinc oxide (ZnO), copper(I)oxide (Cu2O), tungsten trioxide (WO3) and hematite (α-Fe2O3). All these failed due to their band edge alignments that do not...
Mr
Bjorn von der Heyden
(Stellenbosch University)
13/11/2019, 09:00
The world's future supply of crucial metals hinges on sound scientific research and geological discovery. To this end, researchers and industry experts apply a range of traditional techniques such as microscopy, whole-rock geochemistry, and field mapping (among others). However, the world's easily-discovered resources have been exhausted and new mineral discoveries are becoming more difficult...
Dr
Julien Benoit
(Evolutionary Studies Institute, WITS, Johannesburg)
13/11/2019, 09:00
What is probably considered among the most influential paper about pre-mammalian palaeo-neurology states that "early cynodonts possessed low-resolution olfaction, poor vision, insensitive hearing, coarse tactile sensitivity, and unrefined motor coordination" (Rowe et al. 2011). This reflects the fact that the fossilized neuro-anatomy of mammalian ancestors has long been considered extremely...
Ms
Muofhe Tshibalanganda
(CT Scanner Facility, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa)
13/11/2019, 09:25
The use of X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT) in palaeontology, geology, biology and material science and engineering has significantly increased in the last decade. In palaeontology, microCT is now widely used as the best tool to visualise and analyse fossils, which are sometimes still embedded in rock. With the growing use of microCT, the need for high-quality scan data is essential...
Adam Shnier
13/11/2019, 09:25
Prof.
Giovanni Hearne
(University of Johannesburg)
13/11/2019, 09:30
The main consideration in this presentation is the interplay amongst magnetic-electronic, structural and charge-gap responses in strongly correlated 3d electron systems (transition metal oxides) evolved to very high static densities. Tuning through the large, ~eV, energy scales necessitate employing diamond anvil cells for requisite static pressures to the vicinity of ~100 GPa.
...
Mr
Viktor Radermacher
(Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand)
13/11/2019, 09:45
The Iron-rich fossil-bearing rocks of South Africa have tempered the success of traditional lab-CT scanning protocols, with results often lacking sufficient resolution and density contrast required for detailed analysis of fossil material. Two dinosaur specimens, from opposite sides of the dinosaurian family tree, were recently scanned on the BM05 and ID-19 beamlines at the ESRF. The results...
Mr
Sikhumbuzo Masina
(Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, private bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa)
13/11/2019, 09:45
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy directly to electrical energy with reduced CO2, SO2 and NOx emissions [1]. They are highly efficient and when operated in combined heat and power mode they can reach efficiencies above 80% [2]. These devices have been known since Bauer and Preis reported their first use to produce electricity in 1937 [3]....
Fred Mada
13/11/2019, 10:00
Dr
Ayodele Temidayo Odularu
(University of Fort Hare)
13/11/2019, 10:05
Abstract
Relevance of Synchrotron Radiation in Inorganic Medicinal Chemistry
ODULARU, Ayodele Temidayo1
Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
Corresponding Author: 201106223@ufh.ac.za/ayodeleodularu@gmail.com
This study entails how three synchrotron radiation spectroscopic techniques (infrared microspectroscopy, microphobe X-ray fluorescence...
Dr
Kimberley Etienne Justin Chapelle
(Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa)
13/11/2019, 10:05
Understanding the palaeobiodiversity of the Early Jurassic of South Africa relies on researchers’ ability to correctly identify the various fossil taxa from that time. Complicating factors such as ontogeny, sexual dimorphism, and taphonomic deformation often hinder these taxonomic identifications. Micro Computed Tomography (CT) allows for an unprecedented level of detail when studying fossils...
Dr
Marcus Newton
(University of Southampton)
13/11/2019, 11:00
Dr
Robert Skelton
(University of California Berkeley)
13/11/2019, 11:00
MicroCT has tremendous potential to provide novel insights into plant form and function My research uses this and other, novel, non-invasive optical techniques to view the process of leaf and stem xylem embolism formation within intact plants to resolve long-standing questions in plant physiology. Here, I will highlight two recent experiments performed at the Australian Synchrotron in...
Dr
Kudakwashe Jakata
(University of the Witwatersrand)
13/11/2019, 11:00
Prof.
Abidemi Paul Kappo
(University of Zululand)
13/11/2019, 11:25
The formation of high quality and perfect crystals forms the bottleneck and rate-limiting step for structure determination by X-ray crystallography. Protein crystallography has formed an intricate part of the chemical, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry as an important tool towards drug design, protein engineering and in understanding various biological systems. In this study, a...
Kiefer Mattias
13/11/2019, 11:25
Dr
Frikkie De Beer
(Necsa)
13/11/2019, 11:25
Necsa is privileged and in an unique situation within the South African context to host both neutron and X-ray radiography and tomography facilities on its premises at Pelindaba, 35 km West of Pretoria.
True to the mission of Necsa to engage with stakeholders in the area of radiation sciences, international and national researchers and post graduate students are actively utilizing the...
Prof.
Delia Haynes
(Stellenbosch University)
13/11/2019, 11:50
The 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl radicals (DTDAs), R-CNSSN•, are of considerable interest due to their potential as magnetic or conducting materials. However, DTDAs tend to dimerise in the solid state via an interaction known as pancake bonding.[1] Pancake bonding between DTDAs results in spin pairing, rendering the resulting materials diamagnetic. Overcoming this dimerization interaction has been...
Dr
Dean Barrett
(CNPEM/Wits)
13/11/2019, 11:50
Sirius is a fourth-generation synchrotron light source built at the CNPEM and is forecast to begin operations in 2020. Brazil is transitioning from a second-generation synchrotron source (UVX) to a leading position in the design and operation of the brightest 4th-generation machine in its energy class. This multidisciplinary research infrastructure will bring an advanced facility to the...
Dr
Thandeka Moyo
(National Institute for Communicable Diseases)
13/11/2019, 11:50
Thandeka Moyo1,2, Cathrine Scheepers1, Prudence Kgagudi1, Rutendo Ziki1, Lynn Morris1, 2, 3, Penny L. Moore1, 2, 3
1National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
2University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
3Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
HIV broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb)...
Dr
Stanley Makumre
(University of Venda)
13/11/2019, 12:15
Plasmodium falciparum causes the most lethal form of malaria. The cooperation of heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 and 90 is important for the folding of a select number of cellular proteins that are crucial for cyto-protection and development of the parasites. Hsp70 and Hsp90 are brought into a functional complex that allows substrate exchange by stress-inducible protein 1 (STI1), also known as...
Dr
Deon Marais
(Necsa SOC Limited)
13/11/2019, 12:15
Complimentary to using synchrotron light, neutrons as well as laboratory X-rays play invaluable instrumental roles in the study of materials and their characteristics. South Africa, through The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa) SOC Limited, offers both neutron and X-ray diffraction capabilities to the scientific and industrial communities. Necsa's X-ray diffraction laboratory...
Mr
Maxwell Vhareta
(DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand)
13/11/2019, 12:15
X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to investigate residual stresses in polycrystalline diamond disc samples sintered using the high temperature, high pressure method in the presence of a cobalt solvent/catalyst. The metallic phase primarily aids the formation of diamond to diamond bonds during sintering. During harsh rock drilling applications at elevated...
Ms
Thalia Carstens
(Stellenbosch University)
Dr
Thandeka Moyo
(National Institute for Communicable Diseases)
