BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//CERN//INDICO//EN BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Round Table - Floor and Panel DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T131500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T132500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2124@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Simon Connell (University of Johannesburg)\nThe Floo r puts Questions and Comments to the Panel of seekers who gave talks in th e session\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2124/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2124/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Introduction to workshop: Science with the EBS DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T140000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T150000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2126@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Harald Reichert (European Synchrotron Radiation Faci lity)\, Jean Susini (ESRF)\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contribut ions/2126/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2126/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Towards an African Crystallographic Association DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T130000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T131500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2149@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Delia Haynes (Stellenbosch University)\nIn recent ye ars\, there has been significant effort devoted to the formation of region al crystallographic associations in the developing world. During the Inter national Year of Crystallography in 2014\, an IUCr-UNESCO summit was held in South Africa. One of the outcomes of the summit was a declaration that envisaged the formation of an African Crystallographic Association\, AfCA. This presentation will discuss progress in the constitution of AfCA\, as well as the connections between AfCA\, the IUCr and synchrotron users.\n\n https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2149/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2149/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:MicroCT provides novel insights into plant form and function DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T090000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T092500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2105@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Robert Skelton (University of California Berkeley)\n MicroCT has tremendous potential to provide novel insights into plant form and function My research uses this and other\, novel\, non-invasive optic al techniques to view the process of leaf and stem xylem embolism formatio n within intact plants to resolve long-standing questions in plant physiol ogy. Here\, I will highlight two recent experiments performed at the Austr alian Synchrotron in Melbourne Australia and the Lawrence Berkeley Laborar tory in Berkeley\, California in the USA. We used multiple visual techniqu es\, including X-ray micro- computed tomography and the optical vulnerabil ity method\, to investigate the spread of embolism within intact stems\, l eaves and roots of Solanum lycopersicum (common tomato) and North American oak species. We found that roots\, stems and leaves of tomato plants all exhibited similar vulnerability to embolism\, suggesting that embolism rap idly propagates among tissues. Although we found scarce evidence for diffe rentiation of xylem vulnerability among tissues at the scale of the whole plant\, within a leaf the midrib embolized at higher water potentials than lower order veins. In oaks\, air-entry water potential varied 2-fold in l eaves\, ranging from −1.7 ± 0.25 MPa to −3.74 ± 0.23 MPa\, and 4-fol d in stems\, ranging from −1.17 ± 0.04 MPa to −4.91 ± 0.3 MPa. Embol ism occurred earlier in leaves than in stems in only one out of eight samp le species\, and plants always lost turgor before experiencing stem emboli sm. Our results show that herbaceous species (tomato) and long-vesseled oa k species are more resistant to embolism than previously thought and suppo rt the hypothesis that avoiding stem embolism is a critical component of d rought tolerance in plants.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contri butions/2105/ LOCATION: Gold Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2105/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Heterologous expression\, crystallization and structural determina tion of Schistosoma mansoni Universal stress G4LZI3 protein by X-ray cryst allography. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T092500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T095000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2106@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Abidemi Paul Kappo (University of Zululand)\nThe for mation of high quality and perfect crystals forms the bottleneck and rate- limiting step for structure determination by X-ray crystallography. Protei n crystallography has formed an intricate part of the chemical\, biotechno logy and pharmaceutical industry as an important tool towards drug design\ , protein engineering and in understanding various biological systems. In this study\, a Universal stress G4LZI3 protein\, identified as a ‘lead ’ molecule for the design of alternative treatment against schistosomias is\, was subjected to protein crystallization trials. Schistosoma mansoni\ , a parasitic helminth\, is responsible for the neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis that ranks second to malaria in public health significanc e. It accounts for over 280 000 deaths per year and is equally to blame fo r the physical life-long disability and disfigurements associated with the infection with an estimated global prevalence of 200 million. Praziquante l\, which has been the gold standard for treatment for over 3 decades\, ha s now exhibited drug resistance. Over-expression of the G4LZI3 protein thr oughout the schistosome’s lifecycle caused by conditions of stress\, has warranted the need to determine its structure in a bid to design new schi stosomides. The gene sequence coding for the G4LZI3 protein was first clon ed into a pQE-30 vector using BamH1 and HindIII restriction enzymes. The r esultant pQE30-G4LZI3 construct was transformed into M15 bacteria cells. E xpression screening was done to determine the best expressing clone\, and was used for heterologous expression of sufficient amounts of recombinant G4LZI3 protein\, followed by purification on a Ni-NTA column. Thereafter\, the G4LZI3 protein was purified to homogeneity using size exclusion chrom atography\; purified fractions under the chromatogram was pooled together and concentrated down to 10mg/ml\, 15mg/ml\, 17mg/ml\, 20mg/ml and 24mg/ml . These various concentrations were subjected to various crystallization t rials and various conditions yielded considerably sized and 3-dimensional shaped crystals. Complete datasets of 3.5 – 3.99A were collected and mol ecular replacement was achieved using the MR Rosetta software. Coot was us ed to visualize and perform model building on the generated solution. Futu re studies will aim to perform structure-based virtual screening of identi fying small molecule inhibitors that can serve as anti-schistosomals. \nKe ywords: Crystallization\, G4LZI3\, Praziquantel\, gel filtration\, Schisto somiasis\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2106/ LOCATION: Gold Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2106/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synchrotron light and ore geology research DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T070000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T073000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2107@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bjorn von der Heyden (Stellenbosch University)\nThe world's future supply of crucial metals hinges on sound scientific researc h and geological discovery. To this end\, researchers and industry experts apply a range of traditional techniques such as microscopy\, whole-rock g eochemistry\, and field mapping (among others). However\, the world's easi ly-discovered resources have been exhausted and new mineral discoveries ar e becoming more difficult to uncover. Geoscientists must thus apply increa singly specialised and novel study techniques towards locating and optimal ly exploiting future resources.\n\nSynchrotron techniques represent one ap proach that can advance this ultimate goal. Already\, several research gro ups have applied synchrotron techniques towards understanding the micromet er and submicrometer scale mineral associations between ore minerals and t he host rock (i.e.\, using synchrotron XRF). Similarly\, the complexation and solubility of crucial metals within geological fluids are now better u nderstood through insight obtained using synchrotron XANES and EXAFS analy ses. These techniques further advance our understanding of trace metal coo rdination within mineral structures (e.g.\, gold in pyrite\, silver in gal ena\, germanium in zinc).\n\nFor southern African researchers to remain at the forefront of the global trends in geological research\, it is crucial that they become familiarised and indeed\, start to employ these high lev el synchrotron techniques towards their research questions. The current co ntribution critically reviews the global trends in synchrotron use for ore geology research. Key findings\, and anticipated future directions will b e highlighted during the seminar.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/ contributions/2107/ LOCATION: Silver Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2107/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Magnetic-electronic studies at a megabar: the new frontier DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T073000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T080000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2108@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Giovanni Hearne (University of Johannesburg)\nThe ma in consideration in this presentation is the interplay amongst magnetic-el ectronic\, structural and charge-gap responses in strongly correlated 3d electron systems (transition metal oxides) evolved to very high stati c densities. Tuning through the large\, ~eV\, energy scales necessitate employing diamond anvil cells for requisite static pressures to the vicini ty of ~100 GPa.\n Consequently pertinent onsite-repulsion to bandwidth U/ W and crystal-field splitting to spin-pairing energy CF/J ratios can be va ried over large ranges. Profound effects on physical properties may ensue \, including the breakdown of Hund’s rule resulting in a high-spin (HS) to low-spin (LS) transition (CF/J > 1) and a Mott insulator-metal transiti on (U/W <1). \n Variable temperature 57-Fe nuclear resonance (Mössbauer) spectroscopy extended to cryogenic temperatures\, is one of the few and m ost powerful means of revealing the magnetic-electronic ground-state sta bilized at high densities. Synchrotron XRD monitoring of the pressure evo lution of the unit-cell volume provides evidence of crystallographic phase transitions or corroborating evidence of HS to LS transitions\, from sign ature shrinkage effects in the cation radius due to spin pairing in lower lying 3d orbitals. \n Complementary resistance pressure measurements hel p to ascertain whether magnetic collapse is associated with HS to LS cross over or correlation gap closure (insulator to metal transition) or the con currence of the two phenomena.\n Highlights from a selection of studies\ , which include synchrotron XRD and nuclear resonance probes\, on various ferrous spinels pressurized to the vicinity of ~100 GPa will be presented [1-3]. These include\, as a result of compression: (i) orbital moment qu enching effects\, (ii) site-inversion at room temperature and subsequent s pin crossover occurring\, (iii) transitions to post-spinel structures and subsequent triggering of partial/site-specific spin crossover\, (iv) charg e-gap resilience in spite of anticipated appreciable bandwidth broadening and an attempt to rationalize this. \n We will further indicate why pr obing magnetic-electronic and structural aspects of these transition metal oxides beyond ~100 GPa would be useful\, is beyond home laboratory based capabilities and that synchrotron probing with appropriately tightly focus ed probes of micron or sub-micron dimensions is imperative. \n\nReference s\n\n[1] W. M. Xu\, G. R. Hearne\, S. Layek\, et al.\, Phys. Rev. B 95\, 0 45110 (2017).\n[2] W. M. Xu\, G. R. Hearne\, S. Layek\, \, et al.\, Phys. Rev. B 96\, 045108 (2017).\n[3] W. M. Xu\, G. R. Hearne\, S. Layek\, et al .\, Phys. Rev. B 97\, 085120 (2018).\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/1 73/contributions/2108/ LOCATION: Silver Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2108/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structure-property correlation of cerium doped bismuth vanadate fo r energy application. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T150000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2109@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Dennis Malihase (University of the Witwatersrand)\nT he demand for electricity is rapidly growing in developing countries and e lectrochemical devices such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have shown p romising developments to mitigate the demand. SOFCs are devices that conve rt chemical fuels (such as CO\, H2 and ethanol) directly into electrical e nergy and this process is more efficient than any combustion process. They reduce the dependence on coal and oil to produce electricity and are larg ely composed of pollutant-free materials. Bismuth vanadate (Bi2VO5.5) is c ommonly doped or co-doped with transitional metals to enhance its ionic co nductivity and function as a SOFCs electrolyte. The study of Bi2VO5.5 dope d with rare-earth metals is under-reported and this study addresses the cu rrent literature gap. We report the impact of doping Bi2VO5.5 with cerium at different concentrations levels using a soft chemistry method (the citr ate method). The study focuses on understanding how cerium substitution af fects Bi2VO5.5 properties\, (such as thermal stability\, phase transition behaviour and ionic conductivity). It was determined that lower dopant con certation of Ce (<13% mol) form multi-phased material composed of monoclin ic and orthorhombic phases\, while higher dopant concentrations (>23% mol) \, form orthorhombic phase. At room temperature\, Raman spectroscopy for 1 3% mol Ce doped\, the predominate phase was orthorhombic which also showed weak signals nassociated with a monoclinic phase which was not detected b y PXRD measurements. Selected results will be presented.\n\nhttps://events .saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2109/ LOCATION: 1st Floor : Gold and Sliver Rooms and Sundowners (12 floor) URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2109/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synchrotron light source to aid where traditional SCD experiments fall short DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T150000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2110@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Thalia Carstens (Stellenbosch University)\nThe disco very of actuating materials\, or materials that respond to external stimul i (light\, heat\, pressure etc.) has shed light on an entirely new area fo r exploration in the fields of crystal engineering and the chemistry of th e solid state. Many of these actuating responses coincide with some sort o f phase transformation or solid state reaction. Although the mechanisms of the transformations that result in the photosalient effect are fairly wel l understood\, very little is known about the thermosalient effect and its causes. \n\nWork done on 4-(dimethylamino)-benzonitrile (DMABN) showed a thermosalient event by hot stage microscopy (HSM) upon cooling at 240 K an d the reverse upon heating at 290 K. DSC traces and VT-PXRD confirm this p hase change. Additionally\, cooling below 182 K showed crystals rolling un der HSM\, and a small change in the PXRD pattern appeared. However neither single crystal diffraction (SCD) nor DSC showed any indication of an even t or change. A recent study by Klaser et al. suggested that\, potentially\ , the thermosalient event may not have to correspond to a phase change but may simply be due to thermal expansion.1 However\, when comparing the cha nges in the PXRD patterns collected from DMABN to the PXRD patterns corres ponding to thermal expansion in the study by Klaser\, it appears to be mor e than just thermal expansion. Due to methods employed to prevent a thermo salient crystal from jumping off the mount for a SCD experiment\, solving the structure from VT-PXRD data may be more useful to elucidate the struct ural change causing the thermosalience.\n\nAnother area where conventional SCD instruments present limitations\, however powerful modern ones have b ecome\, is the size of the incident X-ray beam. On an Incoatec microfocus IμS 3.0 source\, a beam size of about 110 μm (Mo) can be expected. When trying to focus the analysis on a small area of a crystal\, for example th e bent area of a plastic/elastic molecular crystal\, the beam is still too large to isolate studies on that area alone. In light of the above\, we h ope that the capabilities provided by a synchrotron light source may aid w here traditional SCD falls short. \n\n1 T. Klaser\, J. Popović\, J. Fe rnandes\, S. Tarantino\, M. Zema and Ž. Skoko\, Crystals\, 2018\, 8\, 301 .\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2110/ LOCATION: 1st Floor : Gold and Sliver Rooms and Sundowners (12 floor) URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2110/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Doped bismuth oxide materials for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T150000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2111@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Masilo Ramafemo (University of Witwatersrand)\nBismu th-oxide based electrolytes are well known for their high oxide ion conduc tivity at intermediate temperatures (300-700°C). Indeed\, the defect fluo rite structured δ-phase of Bi2O3 shows the highest known oxide ion conduc tivity of any material. Unfortunately\, this phase is only stable above 73 0°C and much research has been carried out on stabilizing this phase to l ower temperatures through solid solution formation with other oxides. The aim is to work towards a better understanding of these materials in terms of structure and ion conductivity so that better SOFC electrolytes can be designed to run at lower temperatures (between 300 – 600°C). These mate rials will thus be studied at elevated temperature ranges. The longer-term stability of promising materials will also be investigated to determine h ow thermal cycling degrades the material and affects the conductivity. \nT he effects of Y3+ and Pb2+ double substitutions in Bi2O3 has been examined in the Bi2O3-PbO-Y2O3 system using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)\, diffe rential thermal analysis/thermal gravimetry (DTA/TG)\, and VT-Raman spectr oscopy. All these characterization techniques show that samples having Y3 + as a major substituent have a single (δ-phase) phase structure. Pb2+ is isoelectronic with Bi3+\, thus the aim of including Pb2+ is to eventually try and gain insight into the effects of the lone pair of electrons in th e mobility of the oxide ions through the lattice.\n\nhttps://events.saip.o rg.za/event/173/contributions/2111/ LOCATION: 1st Floor : Gold and Sliver Rooms and Sundowners (12 floor) URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2111/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The effect of Cs content on the structural and photo physical prop erties in mixed cation hybrid-perovskites. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T150000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2112@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Adam Shnier (University of Witwatersrand)\nHybrid-pe rovskite solar cells have shown rapid development over the last decade rea ching 25.2% efficiency in 2019 [1]. Their commercialization is precluded b y device stability. The use of mixed cations to substitute the A-site cati on site in the prototypical MAPbX3 has shown to greatly improve stability\ , tune the bandgap and modify the microstructure of the photoactive layer towards a more optimal device. [2][3][4]. A better understanding of the su bstitution effects on structure and the associated changes in device stabi lity is fundamental in the development and commercialization of these devi ces.\n\nIn the context of phase stabilization\, our work investigates the structural\, photo-physical and electronic properties of these hybrid-pero vskites using both variable-temperature in-situ XRD and time resolved in-s itu photoluminescence measurements. Various methods of analysis of the dif fraction data are used focusing on sequential and parametric Rietveld refi nements along with Pawley fits to extract unit cell parameters\, bond len gths\, structural distortions and polyhedral orientations for the metal ha lide framework of the hybrid-perovskites. The inclusion of MA suppresses t he formation of the perovskite gamma phase while the inclusion of both MA and Cs changes features of the alpha/beta phase transition.\n\n[1] https:/ /www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/images/efficiency-chart.png\, accessed on 2019-10- 15\n[2] Boyd\, C.C.\, Cheacharoen\, R.\, Leijtens\, T. and McGehee\, M.D.\ , 2018. Understanding degradation mechanisms and improving stability of pe rovskite photovoltaics. Chemical reviews\, 119(5)\, pp.3418-3451.\n[3] Sin gh\, T. and Miyasaka\, T.\, 2018. Stabilizing the efficiency beyond 20% wi th a mixed cation perovskite solar cell fabricated in ambient air under co ntrolled humidity. Advanced Energy Materials\, 8(3)\, p.1700677.\n[4] Xu\, F.\, Zhang\, T.\, Li\, G. and Zhao\, Y.\, 2017. Mixed cation hybrid lead halide perovskites with enhanced performance and stability. Journal of Mat erials Chemistry A\, 5(23)\, pp.11450-11461.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za /event/173/contributions/2112/ LOCATION: 1st Floor : Gold and Sliver Rooms and Sundowners (12 floor) URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2112/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural characterization of Ti6Al4V/TiC thin films produced by RF Magnetron Sputtering. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T150000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2113@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Olayinka Oluwatosin Abegunde (University of Johannes burg)\nTiC thin film has many industrial and scientific applications due t o its favourable properties. In this study\, TiC thin film was deposited o n Ti6Al4V alloy substrate to improve the surface properties. Structural ch aracterization of the evolving properties was carried out. Grazing inciden ce X-ray diffractometer GIXRD was used to determine the crystallographic s tructure of the film. Structural defects and the stoichiometric ratio of t he film was studied using Raman Spectroscopy. Field emission scanning elec tron microscope FESEM was used to understand the distribution of the TiC t hin film morphology and the surface topography analysis was done on an opt ical profilometer. The results show that the TiC thin-film properties evol ved with change in the process parameters of the RF magnetron sputtering. Crystalline TiC thin film was noticed on the XRD spectra and the Raman res ults confirm the presence of both stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric Ti C thin film. Homogenous distribution of the TiC thin film was also observe d.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2113/ LOCATION: 1st Floor : Gold and Sliver Rooms and Sundowners (12 floor) URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2113/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Materials preparation for the future hydrogen economy: PEC water s plitting DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T070000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T072500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2114@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mmantsae Diale (University of Pretoria)\nSemiconduct ors have been used in solar water splitting since the initial report on hy drogen production using TiO2. Thus far\, materials explored to achieve the oretical solar to hydrogen efficiency (STH)\, included cadmium selenide (C dSe)\, zinc oxide (ZnO)\, copper(I)oxide (Cu2O)\, tungsten trioxide (WO3) and hematite (α-Fe2O3). All these failed due to their band edge alignment s that do not straddle water oxidation and reduction potentials. Of these materials\, hematite has received much attention for photoelectrochemical water splitting attributed to its stability in aqueous solution\, a small band gap of 1.90 eV-2.20 eV\, non-toxicity and abundance. However\, it has associated limitations such as high electron-hole recombination rate\, sh ort hole diffusion length (2-4 nm) accompanied by short excited lifetime o f 10 ps\, and poor minority charge carrier mobility of 0.1 cm2 V-1s-1\, l eading to low photocurrent during water splitting. Furthermore\, hematite promises a maximum theoretical STH efficiency of ~16.8 %\, with photocurre nt densities above 12 mAcm-2\, but the reported findings are far below 10 mAcm-2. The future is in the hydrogen economy which requires clean energy production to reduce the carbon foot print and consequently combat climate change.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2114/ LOCATION: Titanium Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2114/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Determination of capture barrier energy of the E-center in Pd/Sb-d oped Ge by varying the pulse width DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T150000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2115@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ezekiel Omotoso (Obafemi Awolowo University\, Ile-If e\, Nigeria)\nThe capture barrier energy of the E-center deep level defect induced in Pd/Sb-doped Ge by alpha-particle irradiation has been studied. Palladium Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) fabricated by resistive evaporat ion technique were successfully characterised by current-voltage (I-V)\, c apacitance-voltage (C-V)\, conventional and Laplace deep level transient s pectroscopy (DLTS). The rectification quality of the Schottky contacts bef ore and after irradiation was confirmed by I-V and C-V. The ideality facto r and doping density were determined before and after alpha-particle irrad iation to be in the range of 1.23 to 1.46 and 3.55 × 1015 to 5.25 × 1015 cm-3\, respectively. The trap thermal emission activation energy and the apparent capture cross section of the E-center were determined from the Ar rhenius plot to be 0.37 eV and 1.3 × 10-15 cm2\, respectively. Capture ba rrier energy and true capture cross section of the E-center were also calc ulated to be 0.052 eV and 2.25 x10-17 cm2\, respectively from the experime ntal findings after varying the pulse width at different temperature range from 145 to 180 K in step of 5 K.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173 /contributions/2115/ LOCATION: 1st Floor : Gold and Sliver Rooms and Sundowners (12 floor) URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2115/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Micro-Raman and X-ray Diffraction stress analysis of residual stre sses in fatigue loaded leached Polycrystalline Diamond DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T101500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T104000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2116@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Maxwell Vhareta (DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Str ong Materials\, University of the Witwatersrand)\nX-ray diffraction and Ra man spectroscopy techniques were used to investigate residual stresses in polycrystalline diamond disc samples sintered using the high temperature\, high pressure method in the presence of a cobalt solvent/catalyst. The me tallic phase primarily aids the formation of diamond to diamond bonds duri ng sintering. During harsh rock drilling applications at elevated temperat ures\, the same cobalt expands more than the diamond\, straining the diamo nd matrix and leading to premature failure of the component [1]. Since the PCD material formed is virtually a two-phase material comprising of cobal t and diamond\, substantial volumes of the metallic phase can be removed t hrough a leaching process without compromising the cohesiveness of the dia mond matrix [2]. The leaching process reportedly results in a product with improved thermal stability and overall improved wear resistance. A system atic investigation and evaluation of the average in-plane residual stress fields on fatigue loaded leached PCD disc samples were undertaken. Whilst the Raman results reported a progressive shift of the residual stresses fr om an average compressive stress state to an average tensile stress state with an increasing number of loading cycles\, the X-ray diffraction method recorded compressive stresses throughout. This apparent disagreement in r esults is likely due to differences in the way the two methods measure the residual stresses. Our results in this regard are presented and discussed in the context of several other reports of similar discrepancies in stres s result measurements as reported by the Raman spectroscopy and the X-ray diffraction method.\n\n1. Belnap\, D.\, Effect of cobalt on PCD fracture t oughness. ASM International\, Member/Customer Service Center Materials Par k OH 44073-0002 United States\, 2010: p. 2424 - 2434.\n2. Yahiaoui\, M.\, J.-Y. Paris\, Delbé\, Karl\, J. Denape\, L. Gerbaud\, C. Colin\, O. Ther\ , and A. Dourfaye\, Quality and wear behavior of graded polycrystalline di amond compact cutters. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials\, 2016. 56: p. 87 - 95.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173 /contributions/2116/ LOCATION: Titanium Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2116/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:X-ray and Neutron Radiography/Tomography at Necsa: A success story DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T092500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T095000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2117@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Frikkie De Beer (Necsa)\nNecsa is privileged and in an unique situation within the South African context to host both neutron and X-ray radiography and tomography facilities on its premises at Pelinda ba\, 35 km West of Pretoria. \nTrue to the mission of Necsa to engage with stakeholders in the area of radiation sciences\, international and nation al researchers and post graduate students are actively utilizing the imagi ng facilities through successful User Office beam line applications. Nucle ar related areas such as post irradiation examination of nuclear fuel\, or the characterization of barriers for nuclear waste within the nuclear fue l cycle\, are addressed by this technology. However\, the technical expert ise of instrument scientists are being development and molded through the utilization of these facilities by researchers and post graduate students from Higher Educational Institutes (HEI’s) and research centers\, thus c ontributing to and supporting the National System of Innovation (NSI). \nT he neutron radiography/tomography facility is currently in an upgrade phas e to enhance the versatility of the facility to supply not only a thermal neutron beam but also predominantly fast neutron as well as Gamma-Ray radi ation beams. A section of this presentation focusses on the successes and research highlights achieved at the SANRAD facility. \nTo complement the neutron imaging probe at Necsa\, X-ray tomography and micro-focus X-Ray to mography as imaging probes were introduced and implemented in 2007 and 201 1 respectively. This facility at Necsa\, in concurrence with the µXCT fac ilities at WITS and SUN\, which were established through NRF support in 20 11 to address the needs of local researchers in 3D analytical and non-dest ructive testing research capabilities.. It is generally perceived that the outcome of research conducted at these local µXCT facilities forms the b asis of ground work research to be performed before a competitive project proposal can being submitted to a synchrotron facility. \nSince the establ ishment of the µXCT (MIXRAD) facility at Necsa\, the available beam time is fully booked as\, on average\, approximately 35 research projects per a nnum are being submitted for support. To date\, the academic research outp ut comprises of more than 150 publications including post graduate dissert ations and thesis’s\, which spans all scientific fields ranging from pal aeosciences to soil\, geoscience\, civil engineering and biosciences to na me a few. This presentation will also highlight the application of µXCT i n various research fields to show its versatility but also the important r ole it plays within the NSI and the South African research community.\n\nh ttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2117/ LOCATION: Silver Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2117/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Conclusion and Actions DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T132500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T133000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2127@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Simon Connell (University of Johannesburg)\nThe Floo r and Panel come to Resolutions and Conclusions.\n\nConclusions\n\nThis SA -ESRF meeting builds on more than a decade long deep commitment to develop the User Base in Africa reflecting the Global nature of Science and the E SRF as a leading international facility.\nESRF-EBS represents a very drama tic increase in figure of merit (FOM) of performance of both source and de tector (100x100) or about 10000 time more powerful. In addition completel y novel with also novel techniques and opportunities emerge. The novelty means there is not really experience yet and so the exploitation of the ne w capacity requires partnerships with beamline scientists. \nThis meeting extends the possibility for all to grow their contacts within the ESRF or launch new ones. This should lead to the development of proposals ready fo r March 2020\n\nThe meeting noted the increased number of projects and org anisations involved and shares the vision of working together in a common coherent vision\, not only for South Africa\, but also for Africa (trainin g\, impactful science\, science for development....)\nFor example\, there were also talks from the AFCA (IUCr AND PCCR)\, the START program\, ANSDAC \, ASNEAM\, LAAAMP and also the neutron related complimentary techniques a t Necsa. \nAll programmes and projects were stakeholders and could work to gether coherently avoiding silos\, and build the common vision of growing the User Base in South Africa\, with training\, mobility and shared local infrastructure.\n\nThe ESRF were committed to the concept of coherence and inclusivity of stakeholders.\n\nThe coherence of the South African Commun ity had suffered because of the failure of the NRF to provide regular supp ort for the Science@Synchrotrons biennial conference since 2011 and also t o not respond to the SAILS Proposal which would replace the SRRIC. The DSI and NRF meanwhile supported other similar programmes\, such as the SA-CER N programme.\n\nThe SAILS (or SA Light Source user community) would grow e ven more than this programme\, as it was more interdisciplinary\, with mor e members\, with at least the same or better opportunities for training\, technology transfer and innovation. Meanwhile we are only a volunteer mana gement and are under-resourced to grow coherently\, develop joint proposal s\, provide training and audit and comment our performance.\n\nThe meeting agreed to revive SAILS with or without the support of the DST and NRF.\n\ nWe could go elsewhere to seek funding\, but we recognise it made more sen se for the NRF and DSI to understand their role to support this group.\n\n https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2127/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2127/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Closing DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T104000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T110000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2128@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2128/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2128/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:ESRF and EBS Overview DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T083000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T090000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2129@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Francesco Sette (European Synchrotron Radiation Faci lity (ESRF))\nTBA\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/21 29/ LOCATION: Titanium URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2129/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Thin films of VC/SiC - Kuda. Jakata DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T090000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T092500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2132@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kudakwashe Jakata (University of the Witwatersrand)\ nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2132/ LOCATION: Titanium Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2132/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Innovations in Energy Materials - Marcus Newton DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T090000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T092500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2136@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Marcus Newton (University of Southampton)\nhttps://e vents.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2136/ LOCATION: Silver Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2136/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Biophysical characterization of Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing protein (PfHop) reveals a monomer that is characterised by fold ed segments connected by flexible linkers DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T101500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T104000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2138@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stanley Makumre (University of Venda)\nPlasmodium fa lciparum causes the most lethal form of malaria. The cooperation of heat s hock protein (Hsp) 70 and 90 is important for the folding of a select numb er of cellular proteins that are crucial for cyto-protection and developme nt of the parasites. Hsp70 and Hsp90 are brought into a functional complex that allows substrate exchange by stress-inducible protein 1 (STI1)\, als o known as Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing protein (Hop). P. falciparum Hop (PfHop) co-localizes and occurs in complex with the parasite cytosolic chaperones \, PfHsp70-1 and PfHsp90. Here\, we characterized the structure of recombi nant PfHop using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) and small -angle X-ray scattering. Structurally\, PfHop is a monomeric\, elongated b ut folded protein\, in agreement with its predicted TPR domain structure. Using SRCD\, we established that PfHop is unstable at temperatures higher than 40 °C. This suggests that PfHop is less stable at elevated temperat ures compared to its functional partner\, PfHsp70-1\, that is reportedly s table at temperatures as high as 80 °C. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of the Hop-mediated functional partnership betw een Hsp70 and Hsp90.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions /2138/ LOCATION: Gold Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2138/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Image quality in X-ray tomography: the case study of a fossil embe dded in rock DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T072500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T074500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2139@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Muofhe Tshibalanganda (CT Scanner Facility\, Stellen bosch University\, Stellenbosch\, South Africa)\nThe use of X-ray micro-co mputed tomography (microCT) in palaeontology\, geology\, biology and mater ial science and engineering has significantly increased in the last decade . In palaeontology\, microCT is now widely used as the best tool to visual ise and analyse fossils\, which are sometimes still embedded in rock. With the growing use of microCT\, the need for high-quality scan data is essen tial to obtain useful and accurate results\, free of image artifacts or no ise. However\, despite the huge potential and various advances in laborato ry microCT hardware\, software and skills of users\, there remain some iss ues with regards to image quality. Image quality can vary between differen t labs or even for different scans at the same lab\, due to various reason s. In this paper\, we discuss and demonstrate the quantitative effects of the variation of different microCT scanning parameters on the image qualit y for a fossil embedded in rock\, and also demonstrate a simple image qual ity metric that can be applied to any X-ray tomography scan including sync hrotron scans.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2139/ LOCATION: Gold Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2139/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Chemical characterization at the ESRF DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T090000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T093000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2150@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Pieter Glatzel (ESRF)\nThe highly brilliant X-ray be am at the ESRF allows application of sophisticated techniques for identifi cation of the chemical state. High-resolution powder diffraction pushes th e limits of solving and refining of crystal structures and investigating t he structure of crystalline\, defective and non-crystalline materials via atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. X-ray spectroscopy provi des an element-selective tool to study the chemical state of an analyte. H ere\, the ESRF has been pioneering the development of photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy that allows for higher spectral resolution and probes unoccu pied as well as occupied electronic levels (Figure 1). This technique will enter a new dimension with the upgrade programme ESRF-EBS where it will b e combined with a micron-sized beam. This unique technical development pro vides access to the study of “invisible” elements\, i.e. analytes in l ow concentration in a matrix of elements with similar atomic number.\nThe presentation will provide brief explanations of the techniques\, present t he most important technical developments and give examples to illustrate t he new possibilities.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contribution s/2150/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2150/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:SA Bioscience Overview DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T123000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T130000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2140@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Wolf-Dieter Schubert (University of Pretoria)\nThe d iscipline of structural biology has had a rocky start and chequered histor y in South Africa. Despite structural biology having transformed the life sciences over the last half century and the continued relevance being docu mented almost daily through novel revelations in the premier scientific jo urnals such as Nature\, Science\, Proceedings of the National Academy of S ciences (USA)\, New Scientist\, and novel drugs being developed continuous ly based on its insights\, the field has been systematically underdevelope d in South Africa. In the 1970’s to the 2000’s\, structural biology wa s seen as too expensive for universities and funding agencies in South Afr ica. Hence the first rotating anode generators were installed only in the early 2000’s in Cape Town and Johannesburg under the respective leadersh ip of Profs Trevor Sewell and Heini Dirr. From these late beginnings\, the discipline has expanded slowly but steadily to secondary centres througho ut the country including Bloemfontein\, Stellenbosch\, Pietermaritzburg\, Pretoria\, Richards Bay\, Potchefstroom\, Makhandla/Grahamstown and others . As centres are not all equally well equipped in hardware\, expertise and manpower\, a complex network of extensive collaborations have developed b etween the groups helping researchers and students in different parts of t he country to push their projects forward.\nDespite the hardships encounte red over many years and enduring into the present\, the community of struc tural biologists is currently fairly cohesive and still growing. However\, many dangers lurk that could rapidly derail the gains made over the last years. These include the weak financial support in the South African fundi ng landscape\, the (imminent) retirement of the trailblazers in the field\ , limited employment prospects for graduates and a resulting associated br ain-drain out of the country\, the poorly developed drug industry in South Africa\, to name just a few.\nThus while structural biology appears passa bly well established in South Africa at present with fairly good links to international infrastructure such as the ESRF and Diamond\, the continued development of the discipline will require significant will power\, hard w ork\, the identification of alternate funding sources\, the further develo pment of international ties\, and the engagement with and support from app ropriate representatives in the South African funding agencies and ministr ies.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2140/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2140/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Research Activities: Advanced Manufacturing Technologies DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T080000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T083000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2141@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Fred Mada ()\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/c ontributions/2141/ LOCATION: Silver Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2141/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The Search for an Improved SOFC Electrolyte Material: Stabilizing the Fm3 ̅m Phase of Bismuth Oxide to Lower Temperatures DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T092500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T095000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2142@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kiefer Mattias ()\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/ 173/contributions/2142/ LOCATION: Titanium Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2142/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Characterisation of Materials using X-rays and Deep Training DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T093000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T100000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2144@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mashikoane Mogodi (University of Cape Town)\nAfrica does not have a synchrotron\, and while the establishment of a synchrotron light source on the African continent continues to be discussed\, these i nitiatives get stalled by the lack of expertise on the African continent i n successfully designing an experiment and analysing the large amount of d ata. In this contribution\, I will highlight some collaborative projects b etween African researchers and the technology and expertise around the wor ld. I will also highlight the South African “Indaba”\, a series of int erdisciplinary workshops\, organised by the South African Crystallography (SACrS)\, which assembles scientists from around the world particularly in chemistry. Lastly\, I will also present the “deep learning” experienc e at ID22 - High resolution powder diffraction beamline – ESRF. Included will be my scientific work at the institution which can be summarised as participation in in-house research programmes\, the operation of the beaml ine\, providing support to external users as local contact and development of a personal research program.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/c ontributions/2144/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2144/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural characterization of neutralizing antibody lineages from an HIV-infected donor DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T095000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T101500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2145@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Thandeka Moyo (National Institute for Communicable D iseases)\nThandeka Moyo1\,2\, Cathrine Scheepers1\, Prudence Kgagudi1\, Ru tendo Ziki1\, Lynn Morris1\, 2\, 3\, Penny L. Moore1\, 2\, 3\n\n1National Institute for Communicable Diseases\, Johannesburg\, South Africa \n2Unive rsity of the Witwatersrand\, Johannesburg\, South Africa \n3Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)\, Durban\, South Afr ica\n\n\nHIV broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) responses develop in chr onic infection in only approximately 25% of HIV-1-infected individuals. Un derstanding how bNAbs develop has been a major focus in HIV vaccine resear ch in recent years. The aim of this study is to solve the structures of co -evolving strain-specific and bNAbs from an HIV-infected donor\, CAP314. W e have recently isolated three antibody lineages from this donor. The firs t lineage is an N332/glycan-dependent lineage which matured from being str ain-specific to broadly neutralizing through the course of infection. Comp arison of early and late antibodies by X-ray crystallography techniques ma y thus provide insight into the differences between the binding of broadly neutralizing and strain-specific antibodies within a single lineage. Prel iminary data suggest the second lineage of interest can be classified as a “helper” lineage which aided in the development of the broad N332/gly can-dependent lineage. Therefore\, using X-ray crystallography to obtain t he structures of these antibodies will aid in understanding how this linea ge shaped viral populations and drove the development of neutralization br eadth. The third lineage identified from this participant recognizes an un defined epitope consisting of elements of both the N332/glycan and the CD4 binding site. Therefore\, solving the structure of this antibody by X-ray crystallography will provide insight into the binding of a neutralizing a ntibody lineage targeting a novel epitope. Collectively\, structural data for three antibody lineages from a single HIV-infected individual represen ts a unique opportunity to investigate the underlying mechanisms used by t he humoral immune response in responding to swarms of HIV variants.\n\nhtt ps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2145/ LOCATION: Gold Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2145/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Opening DST/NRF/SRRIC DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T080000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T083000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2147@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Clifford Nxomani (NRF - Deputy Chief Executive Offi cer:)\, Daniel Adams (Dept of Science and Technology)\, Tshepo Ntsoane (Ne csa)\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2147/ LOCATION: Titanium URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2147/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Dithiadiazolyl radicals as building blocks for functional material s DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T095000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T101500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2148@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Delia Haynes (Stellenbosch University)\nThe 1\,2\,3\ ,5-dithiadiazolyl radicals (DTDAs)\, R-CNSSN•\, are of considerable inte rest due to their potential as magnetic or conducting materials. However\, DTDAs tend to dimerise in the solid state via an interaction known as pan cake bonding.[1] Pancake bonding between DTDAs results in spin pairing\, r endering the resulting materials diamagnetic. Overcoming this dimerization interaction has been the focus of much effort\, and several DTDAs that re main paramagnetic in the solid state have been characterised\, with some e xhibiting magnetic ordering at low temperatures.[2] This presentation will present our efforts in characterising solid-state materials containing DT DAs using a combination of X-ray diffraction experiments\, computational m ethods and spectroscopy.\nIn order to better understand (and thus overcome ) the pancake bonding interaction\, we have turned to experimental charge density investigations.[3] An analysis of the topology of the charge densi ty of a series of DTDAs reveals how pancake bonding differs from both cova lent bonding and conventional intermolecular interactions.\nWe have also e xplored the incorporation of DTDAs into multi-component crystals\, includi ng co-crystals[4] and porous materials\,[5] in order to overcome dimerisat ion. Co-crystal formation with DTDAs has been shown to be highly dependent on experimental conditions. Inclusion of DTDAs in porous hosts shows grea t potential for the development of functional materials.\nFinally\, we hav e investigated the coordination of DTDAs to metalloporphyrins\, yielding a t least one new material with intriguing properties. [6] It is clear that DTDAs show great potential as building blocks in the construction of molec ular materials.\n\n[1] Z. Cui\, H. Lischka\, H. Z. Beneberu and M. Kertesz \, J. Am. Chem. Soc.\, 2014\, 136\, 12958\; K. Preuss\, Polyhedron\, 2014\ , 79\, 1\; H. Z. Beneberu\, Y.-H. Tian and M. Kertesz\, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.\, 2012\, 14\, 10713.\n[2] see D. A. Haynes\, CrystEngComm\, 2011\, 1 3\, 4793 and references therein.\n[3] S.Domagała\, K. Kość\, S. W. Robi nson\, D. A. Haynes and K. Woźniak\, Cryst. Growth Des.\, 2014\, 14\, 483 4\; S. Domagała and D. A. Haynes\, CrystEngComm\, 2016\, 18\, 7116.\n[4] C. Alan\, D. A. Haynes\, C. M. Pask\, and J. M. Rawson\, CrystEngComm\, 20 09\, 11\, 2048\; S. W. Robinson\, D. A. Haynes and J. M. Rawson\, CrystEng Comm\, 2013\, 15\, 10205.\n[5] V. I. Nikolayenko\, L. J. Barbour\, A. Arau zo\, J. Campo\, J. M. Rawson and D. A. Haynes\, Chem. Commun.\, 2017\, 53\ , 11310\; S. V. Potts\, L. J. Barbour\, D. A. Haynes\, J. M. Rawson and G. O. Lloyd\, J. Am Chem. Soc.\, 2011\, 133\, 12948.\n[6] D. A. Haynes\, L. J. van Laeren and O. Q. Munro\, J. Am. Chem. Soc.\, 2017\, 139\, 14620.\n\ nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2148/ LOCATION: Titanium Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2148/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Residual Stress Characterization using Synchrotron XRD for the Dev elopment Laser Shock Peening Applied to Steam Turbine Blades DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T133000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T140000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2151@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Glaser (CSIR)\nThe lifespan and integrity of critical metal components such as steam turbine blades for the power gener ation industry can be limited and compromised by mechanisms such as fatigu e and stress corrosion cracking. Conventional surface treatments such as s hot peening and roller burnishing are commonly used to introduce beneficia l compressive residual stresses to mitigate crack related phenomena. Laser Shock Peening (LSP) is an advanced surface enhancement process that poten tially achieves superior performance compared to conventional treatments d ue to deeper levels of compressive residual stresses. Although LSP has suc cessfully been adopted in the aerospace sector for titanium blade performa nce enhancement\, the technology is not yet typically applied for power ge neration applications. Systematic development of the LSP process parameter s applied to 12Cr steels for low pressure stream turbine blades has been p erformed using a number of complimentary residual stress characterization techniques such as synchrotron XRD\, laboratory XRD\, incremental hole-dri lling\, neutron diffraction\, and the contour method. High energy synchrot ron X-Ray Diffraction performed at the ESRF (beamline ID15A experiment ME1 440) has allowed for qualitative evaluation of a number of LSP parameter c ombinations leading toward the selection of an optimized parameter combina tion to be applied to full scale components.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za /event/173/contributions/2151/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2151/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The use of Micro Computer Tomography in the establishment of a new basal sauropodomorph taxon DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T080500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T083000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2152@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kimberley Etienne Justin Chapelle (Evolutionary Stud ies Institute and School of Geosciences\, University of the Witwatersrand\ , Johannesburg\, South Africa)\nUnderstanding the palaeobiodiversity of th e Early Jurassic of South Africa relies on researchers’ ability to corre ctly identify the various fossil taxa from that time. Complicating factors such as ontogeny\, sexual dimorphism\, and taphonomic deformation often h inder these taxonomic identifications. Micro Computed Tomography (CT) allo ws for an unprecedented level of detail when studying fossils and therefor e more insight into the factors explaining observed morphological disparit ies. Here\, a basal sauropodomorph specimen (BP/1/4779) previously referre d to Massospondylus carinatus was CT-scanned and compared to a small onto genetic series of M. carinatus specimens in order to rule out developmenta l effects as a reason for the morphological differences observed. Using di gital retrodeformation of the reconstructed scans\, we assessed if the sha pes of the overall skull of BP/1/4779 and of the individual cranial bones can be deformed to resemble that of M. carinatus\, therefore excluding tap honomic deformation as an explanation. On the basis of this CT-based inves tigation\, we can confidently reassign BP/1/4779 to a new genus.\n\nhttps: //events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2152/ LOCATION: Gold Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2152/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Overview of SA synchrotron activities and its ESRF associate membe rship status DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T093000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T094500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2153@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ntsoane Tshepo (Necsa Limited SOC)\nSynchrotron radi ation has revolutionized basic and applied research in many fields of scie nce and technology. South African\, like many countries\, has seen an ever increasing number of scientists accessing such facilities around the worl d. Despite spiralling cost and long distance travel\, South African synchr otron usage has therefore increased steadily over the last decade. \n\nThi s talk aims to give an overview of synchrotron-based activities currently undertaken by South Africans\, provide some examples of successes achieved thus far including government support and commitment for accessing intern ational synchrotron facilities\, highlight some challenges experienced by the community and outline the long-term goals for the country for the use of synchrotron radiation. An overview of SA’s association with the Europ ean Synchrotron Radiation Facility\, its usage by SA scientists as well as successes and challenges will also be presented. The possibility of polit ical support from the DST and the NRF to create multi-African country part nerships that could jointly participate at the ESRF along with South Afric a will be explored.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/ 2153/ LOCATION: Titanium URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2153/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:X-ray diffraction using the ESRF-EBS DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T073000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T080000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2154@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jonathan Wright (ESRF)\nAtomic structures can be det ermined using X-ray diffraction and this technique has already had a huge impact on a wide range of scientific disciplines. The upgrade of the ESRF source will bring another order of magnitude increase in the X-ray flux av ailable for diffraction experiments in many beamlines. Detector upgrades a re also planned in order to get the full benefit of these source improveme nts. \nIn many cases\, these upgrades will increase the range of samples f or which we can obtain atomic information\, to ever smaller crystals and a lso with higher resolution in time and space. There are a range of new tec hniques available where we can obtain images of samples by scanning small beams while recording X-ray diffraction data. The EBS upgrade will enable these very demanding methods to be used for in-situ studies\, so that we w ill be able to see what the atoms are doing inside of complex materials an d evolving micro-structures. Examples of recent highlights from ESRF will be presented with a view towards the new possibilities planned for 2020.\n \nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2154/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2154/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural Biology at the ESRF: present and future DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T123000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2155@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gordon Leonard (ESRF)\nThe ESRF’s facilities for S tructural Biology comprise 6 end-stations for macromolecular crystallograp hy (MX) 1\, one end-station for BioSAXS experiments 2 and one end-station based around a Titan Krios cryo-electron microscope 3. These are supplemen ted by a number of support laboratories including the iCOS facility for in crystallo optical spectroscopy 4 and a facility for the high pressure cry o-cooling and/or derivatisation of crystals of biological macromolecules 5 . This talk will describe the instrumentation and experimental possibiliti es available on these end-stations\, with a particular emphasis on automat ion\, remote access and mail-in services.\nThe ESRF Extremely Brilliant So urce (EBS) project (see http://www.esrf.fr/about/upgrade for details) will provide benefits for many areas of synchrotron-based science. This presen tation will thus also look ahead to the evolution of the ESRF’s faciliti es for Structural Biology post-2020\, focusing on the possibilities for se rial crystallography and time-resolved MX\, which ESRF-EBS X-ray beams wil l facilitate.\n\n1. Mueller-Dieckmann\, C. et al. The status of the mac romolecular crystallography beamlines at the European Synchrotron Radiatio n Facility. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 130: 70 (2015)\; doi /https//doi.org/10.114 0/epjp/i2015-15070-0.\n2. Pernot\, P.\, et al. Upgraded ESRF BM29 beaml ine for SAXS on macromolecules in solution. J. Synchrotron Rad. 20\, 660- 664 (2017).\n3. Kandiah\, E. et al. CM01: a facility for cryo-electron microscopy at the European Synchrotron. Acta Cryst. D75\, 528-535 (2019).\ n4. von Stetten\, D. et al. In crystallo optical spectroscopy (icOS) a s a complementary tool on the macromolecular crystallography beamlines of the ESRF. Acta Cryst. D71\, 15-26 (2015).\n5. Lafumat\, B.\, et al. Ga s-sensitive biological crystals processed in pressurized oxygen and krypto n atmospheres: deciphering gas channels in proteins using a novel `soak-an d-freeze' methodology. J. Appl. Cryst. 49\, 1478-1487 (2016).\n\nhttps://e vents.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2155/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2155/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Overview of CT in South Africa DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T103000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T110000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2156@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kudakwashe Jakata (University of the Witwatersrand)\ nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2156/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2156/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:AfLS\, SA and Pan Africa DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T101500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T103000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2158@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Simon Connell (University of Johannesburg)\nInspired by the rallying call of Science for Development\, Science for Peace\, and Science itself\, a large cohort of Scientists and Policy Makers and other s\, from Africa and beyond\, have identified the African Light Source as a priority. This large scale science research infrastructure is the leading example of a resource hosting multi/inter/trans- disciplinary research ac tivities. These include the medical sciences\, cultural heritage sciences\ , geosciences\, environmental sciences\, energy sciences\, nano-sciences\, materials sciences and mineral sciences\, industrial R&D\, amongst others . It is expected to have an enormous impact on socioeconomic development. As an example\, already\, we know the HIV drug development was guided by t he idea from structural biology that structural information helps to eluc idate protein function and\, in particular\, the mechanisms of enzymes. Th is understanding inspires the design of new drugs. The same idea of course applies to many other diseases. Similar dramatic and relevant growth can be found in African heritage and also materials research. The call was fir st sounded in 2002\, and it is now rather mature\, with a Roadmap\, driven by a fully mandated international Steering Committee. Massive gains are n ow made\, particularly in the expansion of the User Base\, the profile at the African Government and Pan African Level\, and the momentum of the pro gress on the Roadmap. This talk will review the past\, present and future prospects\, as we drive the roadmap forward\, with some highlights from A frica.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2158/ LOCATION: Titanium URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2158/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synchrotron microtomography in palaeontology\, a bright future for the South African exceptionnal fossil heritage at the ESRF DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T100000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T103000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2166@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Paul Tafforeau (ESRF)\nThe first application of X-ra y synchrotron microtomography in palaeontology was performed in 2000 at th e ESRF on the beamline ID19. This topic has been so successful that it has become one of the very visible research topics at the ESRF\, making synch rotron microtomography the golden standard for non-destructive imaging of internal structure in fossils\, when conventional microtomography reaches its limit. Considering the exceptional fossil record preserved in South Af rica\, palaeontology became a major collaborative topics between the ESRF and South-Africa during the last decade. More recently\, archaeological ap plications have joined this portfolio. In most of synchrotrons using micro tomography\, sample size is typically limited to few millimeters in most o f the beamlines\, with only a handful of them allowing specimens in the de cimeter range. Larger specimens are typically imaged with high energy conv entional X-ray tomographs\, but with severe restrictions in term of resolu tion and sensitivity. There is a clear lack of solution for high-sensitivi ty imaging in large fossils.\n\nThe BM18 beamline project at the ESRF\, ma de possible by the development of the EBS new source\, aims to tackle thes e limitations all at once by making possible synchrotron multi-resolution imaging on much larger samples than today\, with special emphasis on fossi ls and natural and cultural heritage specimens. In addition to the other b eamlines that were already involved in the thematics (ID19\, ID17\, BM05) BM18 will be able to image specimens up to 1 m in diameter and 2.5 m verti cally. It will cover a pixel size range from 200 µm down to 1 µm\, thank s to a 30 cm wide polychromatic beam able to reach 300 keV\, tunable in fl ux\, spectrum and geometry through various in-line X-ray optics. The whole beamline is designed for multi-resolution investigations using semi-autom atic multi-detector system. The exceptional coherence properties of the ES RF-EBS\, coupled with the 38 m of propagation on BM18 will allow phase con trasts imaging capabilities without equivalent worldwide.\nBM18 should ope n tremendous new research capabilities for paleontology\, but also for man y other research fields\, including archaeology\, cultural heritage or evo lutionary biology. The expected start of first user operations is planned for September 2021.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/ 2166/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2166/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Complimentary diffraction techniques at Necsa DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T101500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T104000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2167@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Deon Marais (Necsa SOC Limited)\nComplimentary to us ing synchrotron light\, neutrons as well as laboratory X-rays play invalua ble instrumental roles in the study of materials and their characteristics . South Africa\, through The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Nec sa) SOC Limited\, offers both neutron and X-ray diffraction capabilities t o the scientific and industrial communities. Necsa's X-ray diffraction lab oratory houses two commercial diffractometers from Bruker: the D8 Discover (surface strain scanning) and the D8 Advance (surface powder diffraction) . The Neutron Diffraction Facility is located at the SAFARI-1 research rea ctor and consists of the neutron diffractometers MPISI (Materials Probe fo r Internal Strain Investigations) and PITSI (Powder Instrument for Transit ion in Structure Investigations). Access to these instruments is through a n active user program and beam time is awarded based on scientific merit. Services are provided at no cost (excluding consumables) under the Nationa l System of Innovation and are also available on a commercial basis for pr oprietary projects.\n\nThis presentation will give a brief overview of the instrument technical specifications and focus on typical projects and app lications that have been investigated using these instruments. Stress rela ted projects include surface and 2D depth-resolved stress mapping of large engineering samples to thin coatings. Examples of surface as well as bulk material crystallographic texture (preferred orientation) measurements wi ll also be shown. Powder diffraction examples include the study of tempera ture dependent phase transformations using in-situ sample environments suc h as a closed-cycle cryostat and vacuum furnace. Room temperature / atmosp heric studies and quantitative phase analysis are routinely performed. Stu dent projects and facility visits are encouraged.\n\nhttps://events.saip.o rg.za/event/173/contributions/2167/ LOCATION: Silver Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2167/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The effect of Cs content on the structural and photo physical prop erties in mixed cation hybrid-perovskites DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T072500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T074500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2168@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Adam Shnier ()\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173 /contributions/2168/ LOCATION: Titanium Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2168/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:ESRF Data Policy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T141500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2169@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jean Susini (ESRF)\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event /173/contributions/2169/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2169/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:SA Feeder Infrastructure overview and issues DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T100000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T101500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2170@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bryan Trevor Sewell (University of Cape Town)\, Tshe po Ntsoane (Necsa)\nEffective use of Large Scale Research Infrastructures (LSRI) requires considerable local infrastructure to first be in place. In the case of a LSRI for analysis of samples or materials\, a strong local capacity in acquisition and preparation of research material is required a s well as an established excellence in the understanding of that material in the general research context. The proposers of experiments at analytica l LSRIs need to demonstrate the research material has the capacity to yiel d new information and insight into a specific research programme. This mat erial or class of materials therefore needs to be first studied locally. B oth the acquisition / production and pre-charaterisation / preliminary stu dies of the research material require local infrastructure. In the context of the structural biosciences\, a local or regional laboratory for bio-cr ystal growth and characterisation is necessary. The production of the samp les requires a well equipped biological and chemical laboratory with advan ced equipment\, such as robotic apparatus for high throughout production o f the crystals\, and ancillary and major equipment for the characterisatio n of these crystals. In addition\, advanced local equipment (lab scale x-r ay diffraction equipment and electron microscopy equipment) whereby the ge neral research programme is established and advanced is crucial. Suitcase science alone is not sufficient. Indeed\, this phase of the research is st ill highly competitive and impactful. It establishes the base from which s uccessful proposals to the LSRI can be made\, and provides the main part o f the training for the research team\, especially the students. The situat ion is very similar for all the other sciences and industry programmes whi ch plan to access the LSRI. This talk reviews the situation for such feede r equipment in local laboratories\, which then enable effective access of the LSRI.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2170/ LOCATION: Titanium URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2170/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:ESRF as the CERN of LSs DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T094500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T100000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2171@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Francesco Sette (European Synchrotron Radiation Faci lity (ESRF))\nTBA\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/21 71/ LOCATION: Titanium URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2171/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The African Neutron and Synchrotron Data Analysis Competency (ANSD AC) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T123000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T124500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2172@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Hester du Plessis (Sasol)\nThe African Neutron and S ynchrotron Data Analysis Competency (ANSDAC) project aims to develop exper tise amongst emerging Africa-based faculty researchers to engage with and make use of large scale international institutions such as neutron and syn chrotron light sources. It is funded by the Newton Fund administered by th e Royal Academy of Engineering\, and the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in C atalysis c*change\, in kind contributions by the Universities of Glasgow\, the Western Cape and SASOL and partnering with the Global Challenges Rese arch Fund project START (Synchrotron Techniques for African Research and T echnology). Three workshops on synchrotron and neutron data analysis were / will be offered in 2018 to 2020. Lectures are held by experts from the D iamond Light Source and the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source in the UK as well as South African specialists. The most recent workshop took place from t he 16th to the 24th of October 2019 in Cape Town. In 2020\, ten of all wor kshop attendees will travel to the Diamond Light Source and the ISIS Neutr on and Muon Source in the UK to experience beamtime first hand. This is po ssible through a collaboration with the UK Catalysis Hub. This presentatio n will provide further details on ANSDAC.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/ev ent/173/contributions/2172/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2172/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Lightsources for Africa\, the Americas\, Asia and Middle East Proj ect (LAAAMP): An IUPAP and IUCr ISC-Funded Project DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T124500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T130000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2173@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Simon Connell (University of Johannesburg)\nWe descr ibe an initiative funded by a 3-year\, 300K-Euro grant from the Internatio nal Science Council (ISC) to the International Union of Pure and Applied P hysics (IUPAP) and International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) in collab oration with over 30 partner organizations that include 16 advanced light sources to enhance the utilization of advanced light sources and crystallo graphy in five targeted regions of the world\, namely Africa\, the Caribbe an\, Mexico\, Southeast Asia\, and Middle East. LAAAMP’s programs inclu de the development of a Strategic Plan for each region\; a Colloquium prog ram that sends experienced light source and crystallography users to those regions\; establishment of new IUCr-UNESCO Crystallography OpenLabs\; des ign and distribution of a Brochure that describes advanced light sources a nd crystallography for government officials and the public\; 2-month Facul ty-Student (FAST) Team training visits to advanced light sources\, with ap proximately 30 new users participating in 2019\; and culminating in a Dece mber 2019 thematic session at the World Science Forum 2019 in Budapest\, H ungary to chart a path forward beyond the ISC grant.\n\nhttps://events.sai p.org.za/event/173/contributions/2173/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2173/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:What is new in X-ray imaging at ESRF? DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T070000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T073000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2174@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: julie villanova (esrf)\nX-ray characterization provi des opportunities for scientists in the exploration of materials and livin g matter in many fields: chemistry\, material sciences\, archaeology and c ultural heritage\, structural biology and medical applications\, environme ntal sciences\, information science and nanotechnologies. A wide range of techniques are available one of which is X-ray imaging. This term is usual ly associated with absorption radiography but\, in fact\, it is related to any X-ray technique that provides spatially resolved information. In this overview\, common 3D X-ray imaging i.e. computed tomography that reveals 3D microstructure of materials from the micro to the nano-scale will be pr esented. The ultimate state-of-the-art instrumentation offered by the ESRF \, especially in terms of spatial and temporal resolution\, will be addres sed based on examples from the field of materials science studies. Further more\, we will explore the field of micro and nano-chemical mapping. Mater ials and environmental sciences examples will detail and illustrate the be nefits and limitations of this technique with ESRF-EBS.\n\nhttps://events. saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2174/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2174/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Same as Monday DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T150000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2175@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2175/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2175/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Sponsors (Flash Talks) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T140000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T141500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2176@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2176/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2176/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Proposal Clinic DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T143000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T150000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2177@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Harald Reichert (European Synchrotron Radiation Faci lity)\nThere is a strong competition for beam time at the ESRF. Access is based on submission of a Research Proposal. The proposal success rate aver ages 45%\, but certain facilities are more in demand than others. Proposal are judged primarily on scientific merit. Technical feasibility\, safety and ethics must also be assured. Although the EBS project has led to a ser vice interruption\, the proposal submission deadlines for the next round o f beam times are in January and March next year - depending on the type of access required. The purpose of this session is to provide information on the proposal writing and submission process\, so that South African resea rchers can be ready for the Proposal Submission deadline early next year. There is also opportunity at this conference for new users to identify par ters who are experienced users. This can greatly increase the success rate of applications for new users. It is particularly useful to partner with beamline scientists from the ESRF\, or other collaborators\, who are famil iar not only with the proposal process\, but also the samples preparation\ , the measurements and the analysis of synchrotron data.\n\nhttps://events .saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2177/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2177/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Mechanical\,electronic and electrical properties of diamond-like c arbon films grown by RF magnetron sputtering DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T150000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2178@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: wilfred Mbiombi (wits university)\nDiamond-like carb on (DLC) thin film is an amorphous carbon consisting of sp3 bonded and sp2 bonded carbon\, and in addition contain up to several tens atomic percen t of hydrogen. it can be used as protective anti –reflecting coatings fo r basic silicon solar cells to enhance the cell efficiency. On the other h and\, it can be changed the opto-electronic and mechanical properties that depend on the sp3/sp2 fraction. Therefore in the work the opto -mechanica l properties of DLC thin films by in situ control of the nucleation and gr owth of DLC thin films. Thus DLC thin films have been deposited on Si subs trates using unbalanced RF magnetron sputtering at a constant power densit y of 4.4 W/cm2 and various substrate bias voltages in the range -25 to -10 0 V. Raman spectroscopy has been used to determine the sp3 fractions from the area ratios of the D-peak and G-peak (ID/IG). The results show that th ese ratio vary between (1.15-0.87) corresponding to sp3/sp2 ratio in the r ange (1.18-1.33). In addition\, the hydrogen content were determined photo luminescence background in the range of (33.15-18.00) .The Tauc-gap and cl uster size were determined by an empirical approach based the direct measu rement in the range of (1.51-157eV) and (9.90-9.04 Å)\,respectively. The sheet resistivity were determined by using the expression of the Van der P auw method in the range of (0.95-131× 102Ωcm). The elastics constant of DLC thin films were determined by surface Brillouin scattering and the opt imum was determined at -100V. The thicknesses and the densities of the fil ms have been determined to be (91-132 nm) and (2.20-2.35) using X-ray refl ectivity\, respectively.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contribut ions/2178/ LOCATION: 1st Floor : Gold and Sliver Rooms and Sundowners (12 floor) URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2178/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Exploring air exposure as a major pitfall in producing LiFePO4 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T150000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2179@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Michelle Thiebaut (University if the Witwatersrand\, School of Chemistry\, Materials for Energy Research Group\, DST-NRF Centr e of Excellence in Strong Materials (DST – NRF CoE-SM))\nLithium ion bat teries convert chemical energy into electrical energy and the process is r eversible making them suitable for energy storage systems.(1) Having effic ient and long term storage devices allows for increased use of sustainable energy sources. The cathode material remains the largest focus area for t he improvement of the battery performance (2) and any structural changes o f the cathode material can affect this performance. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) forms part of the Pmna space group. All materials were synthesi sed using a hydrothermal methodology\, using in-house developed Teflon bom bs. Of interest were the effects due to different air exposure times\, pur ging the sample with nitrogen before closing these teflon bombs and invest igating the reproducibility of the synthetic method. The structural differ ences and phase purity due to these reaction variables were investigated\; characterization techniques used include powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) (coupled with Rietveld refinement analyses) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. T he strong structure-property correlation that exists for these materials o pens the door to future electrochemical measurements to be made.\n\nREFERE NCES: \n\n1. Li\, Z.\; Zhang\, D.\; Yang\, F. Journal of Materials Science . 2009\, 44(10) pp.2435-2443. \n2. Satyavani\, T.V.S.L.\; Kumar\, A.S.\;Ra o\, P.S. Engineering Science and Technology\, an International Journal. 20 16\, 19(1)\, pp.178-188.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contribut ions/2179/ LOCATION: 1st Floor : Gold and Sliver Rooms and Sundowners (12 floor) URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2179/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The Search for an Improved SOFC Electrolyte Material: Stabilizing the Fm3 ̅m Phase of Bismuth Oxide to Lower Temperatures DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T150000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2180@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mathias Kiefer (Wits University)\nSOFCs have emerged as a leading candidate in the search for an efficient and environmentally friendly source of electrical energy.[1-7] SOFCs are\, however\, marred b y a variety of limitations[1\,4\,6] which have prevented the widespread co mmercialization of this technology. Most of these limitations stem from th e high operating temperature (typically 800-1000 °C) that is associated w ith these cells – a feature dictated by the electrolyte material. As suc h\, there exists a need for an improved electrolyte\; a material that will display high oxide ion conduction at substantially lower temperatures. On e such candidate is the Fm¯3m-structured δ-polymorph of Bi2O3 – the hi ghest known oxide ion conductor. Normally only stable within a high and na rrow temperature range (730-824 °C)\,[1] this cubic polymorph has been ex clusively studied in this work with the primary aim of stabilizing the δ- polymorph structure to lower temperatures by means of yttrium doping. Thes e attempts have been successful\; various YxBi2-xO3 members have been foun d to display the Fm¯3m structure at room temperature. Detailed structural analyses\, enabled by synchrotron-based experiments\, coupled with ionic conductivity and thermal expansion studies enable the establishment of pre liminary material-specific structure-property relationships that allow for the overall suitability of these materials as SOFC electrolytes to be ass essed. \n\n\nREFERENCES: \n1. Stambouli\, A. B.\; Traversa\, E. Renew. Su stain. Energy Rev. 2002\, 6\, 433–455.\n2. Ruiz-Morales\, J. C.\; Marrer o-Lopez\, D.\; Galvez-Sanchez\, M.\; Canales-Vazquez\, J.\; Savaniu\, C.\; Savvin\, S. N. Energy Environ. Sci. 2010\, 3\, 1670-1681.\n3. Fergus\, J. W. J. Power Sources. 2006\, 162\, 30–40.\n4. Zuo\, C.\; Liu\, M.\; Liu\ , M. In Sol-Gel Processing for Conventional and Alternative Energy\, eds. M. Aparicio et al. Springer Science+Business Media\, New York\, 2012\; Cha p. 2\, pp 7-36.\n5. Gomez\, S. Y.\; Hotza\, D. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2016\, 61\, 155–174.\n6. Fellet\, M.\; Rossner\, W. MRS bulletin. 2015\ , 40\, 214–215.\n7. Minh\, N. Q. Solid State Ion. 2004\, 174\, 271–277 .\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2180/ LOCATION: 1st Floor : Gold and Sliver Rooms and Sundowners (12 floor) URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2180/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Superionic conductors for solid oxide fuel cells: structure-bulk p roperty relationships in Bi2O3 based solid solutions DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T074500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T080500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2181@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sikhumbuzo Masina (Molecular Science Institute\, Sch ool of Chemistry\, University of the Witwatersrand\, private bag X3\ , Johannesburg\, 2050\, South Africa)\nSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy directly to electrica l energy with reduced CO2\, SO2 and NOx emissions [1]. They are highly eff icient and when operated in combined heat and power mode they can reach ef ficiencies above 80% [2]. These devices have been known since Bauer and Pr eis reported their first use to produce electricity in 1937 [3]. Over 100 years have passed but no large scale production of such efficient devices have been achieved. The main problem is the high temperature at which they operate (800-1000°C). The operation temperature is mainly determined by the electrolyte\; an oxide ion conducting ceramic that rely largely on the rmally activated oxide ion hopping mechanism (vacancy mechanism) for ionic transport. The state of the art electrolyte is yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). YSZ has conductivities ranging between 0.01 Scm-1 and 0.1 Scm-1 at 800°C and 1000°C respectively [4]. These high temperatures require the use of expensive materials with high melting points such as doped LaCrO3 f or interconnects.\n \nElectrolytes that show promise are the solid solutio ns of Bi2O3. Bi2O3 in its fluorite δ-phase is highly defective\, with 25% of the oxygen sites vacant and is reported to have conductivities of abou t 1 Scm-1 at 730 °C\, the highest for an oxide ion conducting ceramic rep orted thus far [5]. Unfortunately\, the δ-phase is only stable within a n arrow temperature range of 730-824°C [6]. Below this range\, a monoclinic α-phase exist which is predominantly an electronic conductor and Bi2O3 m elts at 825°C [7]. To stabilize the highly conductive defect fluorite pha se\, isovalent and aliovalent cations have been used to substitute for the Bi3+ cation in the structure. In our work\, we have fabricated solid solu tions of Bi2O3 using the double and triple doping strategies. We have also followed crystal phase changes and measured conductivities with variable temperature XRD and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy respectively. T he local environment was probed with variable temperature Raman spectrosco py. This enables us to study the cubic phase and get insight into the stru cture-property correlations of materials reported to have high conductivit ies.\n\n[1] Stambouli\, A.B and Traversa\, E. Renewable and sustainable en ergy reviews. 2002\, 6\, 433-455.\n[2] Ormerod\, R.M. Chemical Society Rev iews. 2003\, 32\, 17-28.\n[3] Huang\, K and Goodenough\, J.B. Solid oxide fuel cell technology: principles\, performance and operations. 2009. Wood head Publishing Limited. Cambridge.\n[4] Fergus\, J.W. Journal of Power So urces. 2006 162\, 30-40.\n[5] Takahashi\, T\; Iwahara\, H and Nagai\, Y. J ournal of Applied Electrochemistry. 1972\, 2\, 97-104.\n[6] Rao\, C.R\; R ao\, G.S and Ramdas\, S. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 1969\, 73\, 67 2-675.\n[7] Drache\, M\; Roussel\, P and Wignacourt\, J.P. Chemical review s. 2007\, 107\, 80-96.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributio ns/2181/ LOCATION: Titanium Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2181/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Exploring structure-property relationships in NASICON-type Sn-dope d LiTi2(PO4)3 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T150000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2182@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gugulethu Nkala (Molecular Science Institute\, Schoo l of Chemistry\, University of the Witwatersrand\, private bag X3\, Johannesburg\, 2050\, South Africa)\nNASICON-type materials such as rhombo hedral LiTi2(PO4)3 (LTP)\, belonging to the R-3c space group\, have been s tudied as potential solid-state electrolytes because of their thermal and chemical stability\, as well high ionic diffusion attributed to their 3D f ramework consisting of TiO6 octahedra\, corner-linked to PO4 tetrahedra\, allowing for fast transportation of Li+ cations. [1] However\, the room-te mperature conductivity of LTP is not practical for use in Lithium ion batt eries (LIBs) as it is approximately 4×10-7 S cm-1. [2] Research around th is class of materials has been focused on ways to increase their conductiv ities\, including tuning the bottleneck size by substituting Ti4+ with oth er cations such as Zr4+ and Hf4+\, and increasing Li+ concentration by lat tice site substitution with M3+ cations as in Al-doped LTP. [3\, 4] In the former case\, substitutions in the framework with cations of larger ioni c radii increase the lattice constants a and c\, resulting in a bigger bot tleneck size\, thus higher conductivity of the mobile cations\, Li+.\n\nIn this work\, we explore the possibility of lattice substitution as well as investigate if Sn4+-doped LTP formulations exhibit an improved ionic cond uctivity compared to LTP. Materials of the general formula Li〖Ti〗_(2-x ) 〖Sn〗_x (〖PO〗_4 )_3 (for 0\, 2\, 4\, 6\, 8\, 10\, 50 mole % Sn) h ave been synthesized following the conventional solid-state method. Room-t emperature X-ray diffraction was employed as the primary characterization technique\, giving insight into the phase compositions and relative phase purities of the products. Room-temperature Raman spectroscopy was used to further establish the structural properties of LTP as a function of dopant percentage. Information about the phase stabilities of the aforementioned materials was obtained by differential thermal analysis\, establishing wh ether or not there was any temperature-dependent polymorphism exhibited by the said products. The room-temperature conductivities were determined u sing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.\n\nReferences:\n1. Anantharam ulu\, N.\, Rao\, K.K.\, Rambabu\, G.\, Kumar\, B.V.\, Radha\, V. and Vitha l\, M.\, 2011. A wide-ranging review on Nasicon type materials. Journal of materials science\, 46(9)\, pp.2821-2837.\n\n2. Bachman\, J.C.\, Muy\, S. \, Grimaud\, A.\, Chang\, H.H.\, Pour\, N.\, Lux\, S.F.\, Paschos\, O.\, M aglia\, F.\, Lupart\, S.\, Lamp\, P. and Giordano\, L.\, 2015. Inorganic s olid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries: mechanisms and properties g overning ion conduction. Chemical reviews\, 116(1)\, pp.140-162.\n\n3. Aon o\, H.\, Sugimoto\, E.\, Sadaoka\, Y.\, Imanaka\, N. and Adachi\, G.Y.\, 1 993. The Electrical Properties of Ceramic Electrolytes for LiM x Ti2− x (PO 4) 3+ yLi2 O\, M= Ge\, Sn\, Hf\, and Zr Systems. Journal of the Electr ochemical Society\, 140(7)\, pp.1827-1833.\n\n4. Wang\, S.\, Ben\, L.\, Li \, H. and Chen\, L.\, 2014. Identifying Li+ ion transport properties of al uminum doped lithium titanium phosphate solid electrolyte at wide temperat ure range. Solid State Ionics\, 268\, pp.110-116.\n\nhttps://events.saip.o rg.za/event/173/contributions/2182/ LOCATION: 1st Floor : Gold and Sliver Rooms and Sundowners (12 floor) URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2182/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A Tale of Two Dinosaurs DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T074500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T080500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2183@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Viktor Radermacher (Evolutionary Studies Institute\, University of the Witwatersrand)\nThe Iron-rich fossil-bearing rocks of S outh Africa have tempered the success of traditional lab-CT scanning proto cols\, with results often lacking sufficient resolution and density contra st required for detailed analysis of fossil material. Two dinosaur specime ns\, from opposite sides of the dinosaurian family tree\, were recently sc anned on the BM05 and ID-19 beamlines at the ESRF. The results produced we re not only of a high-enough calibre to permit allow analysis of already-k nown material\, but simultaneously permitted the recovery of previously un known and obscured material. The first dinosaur scanned\, the basalmost or nithischian - Heterodontosaurus\, is currently the largest fossil specimen visualised at the ESRF\; and synchrotron-scanning of this specimen (AM476 6) revealed a suite of anatomical elements previously unknown from the fam ily that this dinosaur belongs to. The second dinosaur\, the coelurosauria n theropod Nqwebasaurus\, was scanned and formed the basis for my project at the 2016 ESRF Summer-School program. Nqwebasaurus is known from a singl e well-preserved specimen (AM4060) that contains most of the postcranial s keleton\, but very little of the taxonomically-informative cranial anatomy . Synchrotron scanning of the Nqwebasaurus holotype revealed an abundance of unknown and unsuspected cranial elements – more than tripling the kno wn elements for this species. These results would have been impossible to obtain without the technology and engineering of the ESRF. We will present digital reconstructions of these dinosaurs as well as pertinent new infor mation on aspects of their biology. Our results are a testament to the pow er of the ESRF facilities to allow maximum utilization of exceedingly rare specimens\, produce ground-breaking scientific discoveries\, and redefine the status quo.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/218 3/ LOCATION: Gold Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2183/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Whiskers\, nipples\, venom\, and head-butting: how imaging unravel s the brain and paleobiology of our pre-mammalian ancestors DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T070000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T072500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2184@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Julien Benoit (Evolutionary Studies Institute\, WITS \, Johannesburg)\nWhat is probably considered among the most influential p aper about pre-mammalian palaeo-neurology states that "early cynodonts pos sessed low-resolution olfaction\, poor vision\, insensitive hearing\, coar se tactile sensitivity\, and unrefined motor coordination" (Rowe et al. 20 11). This reflects the fact that the fossilized neuro-anatomy of mammalian ancestors has long been considered extremely conservative. Using X-ray mi crotomography to access previously out-of-reach internal structures on the extraordinary wealth of South African Karoo fossils - which chronicles th e origin and evolution of therapsids in exquisite details - our research t eam was able to trace back the evolution of several important neurological features through geological times. This work supports that there is more to therapsids palaeo-neurology that has usually been assumed. For instance \, it highlights that the therapsid brain and inner ear display an unsuspe cted variety of shape and size. This hidden diversity relates to the onset of some important biological features\, such as hearing\, balance\, intel ligence and warm-bloodedness. Our research furthermore shed some fresh lig ht on the evolution of the pineal eye and trigeminal nerve\, which support an early origin of hair\, whiskers and lactation some 241 million years a go\, well before the origin of crown mammals. The study of the maxillary c anal in therapsid also provides a gateway to the evolution of many other p alaeobiological traits. It showed that sexual display and head to head fig hting likely played a major role in mammalian evolution since the very ori gin of therapsids and that some mammalian ancestors evolved envenoming cap acities millions of years before snakes. Overall\, it is safe to state tha t imaging is currently revolutionizing our understanding of the palaeobiol ogy of mammalian forerunners.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/cont ributions/2184/ LOCATION: Gold Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2184/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Relevance of Synchrotron Radiation in Inorganic Medicinal Chemistr y DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T080500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T083000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2185@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ayodele Temidayo Odularu (University of Fort Hare)\n Abstract\n\nRelevance of Synchrotron Radiation in Inorganic Medicinal Chem istry\n\nODULARU\, Ayodele Temidayo1\nDepartment of Chemistry\, University of Fort Hare\, Alice 5700\, South Africa.\n\nCorresponding Author: 201106 223@ufh.ac.za/ayodeleodularu@gmail.com\n\nThis study entails how three syn chrotron radiation spectroscopic techniques (infrared microspectroscopy\, microphobe X-ray fluorescence imaging\, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy) are useful instrumentations to medicinal inorganic chemists in order to s olve inorganic medicinal chemistry challenges. The study focuses on cellul ar uptake circulation\, conventional bio transformed conventional agents\, and future therapeutic agents.\n\nKeywords: Challenges in inorganic medic inal chemistry\; synchrotron radiation spectroscopic techniques\; therapeu tic agents\n\nReferences\n1. Dillion\, C. T. Synchrotron Radiation Spectro scopic Techniques as Tools for the Medicinal Chemist: Microprobe X-ray Flu orescence Imaging\, X-Ry Absorption Spectroscopy\, and Infrared Microspect roscopy. Austral. J. Chem. 2011\, 65\, 204-217.\n2. Lin\, J.\; Lin\, G.\; Li\, Y.\; Gao\, X.\; Du\, H.\; Jia\, C.\; Lu\, H.\; Golka\, K.\; Shen\, J. Assessment of Usefulness of Synchrotron Radiation Techniques to Determine Arsenic Species in Hair and Rice Grain Samples. Excli. J. 2017\, 16\, 25- 34.\n3. Hettiarachchi\, G. M.\; Donner\, E.\; Doelsch\, E. Application of Synchrotron Radiation-Based Methods for Environmental Geochemistry: Introd uction to the Special Section. J. Environ. Qual. 2017\, 46\, 1139-1145.\n\ nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2185/ LOCATION: Titanium Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2185/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:START - Trevor Sewell DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T121500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2188@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2188/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2188/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The role of Large Scale Infrastructure DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T103000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T104500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2190@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Clifford Nxomani (NRF - Deputy Chief Executive Offic er:)\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2190/ LOCATION: Titanium URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2190/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:International Collaboration DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T104500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T110000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2191@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Adams (Dept of Science and Technology)\nhttps ://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2191/ LOCATION: Titanium URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2191/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:HARPIA: High Resolution Powder X-ray Diffraction beamline at Siriu s DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T095000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T101500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2196@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Dean Barrett (CNPEM/Wits)\nSirius is a fourth-genera tion synchrotron light source built at the CNPEM and is forecast to begin operations in 2020. Brazil is transitioning from a second-generation synch rotron source (UVX) to a leading position in the design and operation of t he brightest 4th-generation machine in its energy class. This multidiscipl inary research infrastructure will bring an advanced facility to the struc tural characterization of polycrystalline samples – HARPIA beamline. The synchrotron source of HARPIA will be an undulator with an 18 mm period le ngth and importantly\, without an energy gap. The beamline will be instal led in a low- straight section of the storage ring to increase the beam size in the horizontal direction. HARPIA’s optical design aims to be si mple\, yet highly effective to provide high photon flux at the sample posi tion\, ≈2.21012 ph/s/100 mA at 20 keV\, about 1000 times higher than that of the LNLS at 8 keV. Energy selection will be obtained by the Bruker double-crystal-monochromator. The two sets of Si crystals\, (111) and (33 3)\, will allow an energy range from 5 to 30 keV. The beam size at the sam ple position is calculated to be around 0.85 mm (v) x 1.2 mm (h) with a di vergence of 25 rad (v) x 34 rad (h) at 20 keV. HARPIA’s experiment al hutch (Fig. 1) will provide high-resolution X-ray diffraction data with a multi-analyser crystal from FMB Oxford having at least 8 modules of Si( 111) crystals and NaBr2 scintillators detectors. Moreover\, it will allow dynamic experiments using a linear fast detector developed in-house coveri ng 90° in 2theta range to provide second scale temporal resolution.\n\nTh e 3 co-axial circle heavy-duty diffractometer from the current XRD1 beamli ne at LNLS will be transferred to the HARPIA experimental hutch. X-ray dif fraction measurements will be conducted in Debye-Scherrer geometry (capill ary geometry). The diffractometer uses high precision rotary stages (Ɵ\, 2Ɵ and d axes) and is designed to support heavy detector arrays\, such as the two sets of detectors in the aforementioned paragraph. \n\nA storage magazine for samples placed into capillaries allows hundreds of samples to be loaded and measured via the use of a robotic arm which serves as a sam ple exchanger. The robotic arm allows for the beamline to be programmed an d\, if necessary\, operated remotely providing high levels of efficiency a nd maximization of the provided beamtime. HARPIA beamline will provide an efficient and user-friendly facility to the structural characterization of polycrystals in a variety of sample environments as well as fast and high -resolution mode detection to Sirius users.\n\nAcknowledgments: FAPESP and CNPEM.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2196/ LOCATION: Silver Room URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2196/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:African Synchrotron Network for Advanced Energy Materials DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T121500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191111T123000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2197@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Marcus Newton (University of Southampton)\nNew mater ials for the capture of light and mechanical energy can potentially enable low-cost and innovative renewable sources of energy while eliminating neg ative effects on the environment that are inherent when non-renewable sour ces of energy are utilised. Energy materials characterisation with synchro tron x-rays is a vital tool for the development of modern and next generat ion energy harvesting and storage technologies. The advent of the first A frican Light Source (AfLS) has the potential to transform the energy mater ials and related technology industries that underpin a robust and sustaina ble economy. The ASNAEM project aims to expand the local knowledge base an d build capacity in the existing synchrotron community in preparation for the AfLS. It will enable sustainable partnerships that extend beyond the l ifetime of the project. In this talk\, I will discuss the activities of th e ASNAEM project and our vision for synchrotron science at the AfLS.\n\nht tps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2197/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2197/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structure Property correlation in SOFC & SOEC materials\, and the importance of Synchrotron Techniques. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T080000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191112T083000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260415T202223Z UID:indico-contribution-173-2198@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: David Billing (University of the Witwatersrand)\nSol id Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) and Solid Oxide electrolyser cells (SOECs) are exciting electrochemical devices that could provide unique and revolution ary solutions to some of the renewable energy challenges facing society. C entral to the design of these devices is the need for a solid electrolyte that is an excellent oxygen ionic conductor whilst simultaneously being an d electronic insulator. Additionally the materials needs to be mechanicall y tough and remain chemically inert in harsh operating environments. The architype materials used as solid electrolyte in most SOFCs include YSZ (Y ttrium stabilised Zirconia) and CaSZ (Calcium stabilised Zirconia) with th e Y or Ca dopants present at around 8 to 10% level. As the performance cha racteristics of these materials are not completely satisfactory\, there is a definite need for improved alternatives. \n\nOur research has focused o n gaining a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms governing the tran sport properties of these and closely related materials. Typically the cub ic forms (Space group Fm-3m) of these materials exhibit higher oxide ion c onductivity due to the presence of vacant anionic sites. Our research has included the development of suitable synthesis\, preparation and processin g methodologies\, particularly for the more novel materials\, followed by structural\, crystallographic\, electrochemical and spectroscopic characte risation. Noteworthy\, as SOFCs and SOECs have operational temperatures ra nging from around 300°C to 1000°C\, we perform XRD\, PDF(1)\, Raman and EIS measurements between ambient to 900°C or 1000°C. Consideration of th e results obtained for the array of distinct materials we have prepared\, has highlighted the central role of short range order\, as well as the imp ortance of microstructure on the overall transport properties of the mater ials. \n\nI will present a selection of our results to date\, including th e results obtained from total scattering experiments performed on ID22 at the ESRF in Grenoble as well as 28-ID-1 at NSLS-II at BNL. Analysis of the data shows structural differences when comparing the structure as perceiv ed on the nano-scale with the bulk average structure. The implications of this for the transport properties of all energy materials is profound\, an d will be described.\n\nSynchrotron techniques are central to insight into the real structure – property relationships\, to this end we have addit ional experiments planned (beamtime approved) for NSLS-II\, Diamond and SS RL. I will also present some of the unique aspects of some of the planned experiments.\n\n\n(1) S. J. L. Billinge\, “Nanostructure studied usin g the atomic pair distribution function”\, Z. Kristallogr. Suppl. 26 (20 07) 17-26\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2198/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/173/contributions/2198/ END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR