The Conference organiser officially opens the Conference
Accelerators-based sources are super microscopes implementing various sets of experimental techniques those are powerful enough to reveal the most vital details about matter. They can shed light on invisible particulars in physics, chemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals and biomedicine, environment and materials science.
The high brightness delivered by these sources allows to compensate for...
Coral reefs cover only 1% of ocean floors, yet they host 25% of all known marine species. This incredible biodiversity is sheltered by the 3D structure of coral skeletons. My group and I revealed that corals form their skeletons by attachment of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticles[1], then fill interstitial spaces by ion attachment[2]. Polarization-dependent Imaging Contrast...
Rebecca A Metzler1, Sarah Traenkle1, Edlin Davis1, Beatriz Orihuela de Diaz2, Daniel Rittschof2, and Gary Dickinson3
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr., Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
2Duke University Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd., Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
3Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Rd., Ewing, NJ 08628,...
In recent years, established Big Science organizations in the Global North, such as the particle physics facility CERN or the synchrotron facility ESRF, became increasingly internationalized, both in terms of the involved researchers and the participating countries. At the same time, more and more large Big Science projects emerge in regions where until recently no or very few Big Science...
This is the first community driven African Strategy for Physics and Applied Physics. It started in July 2019, and it is now in the final preparation of the Strategy Document. Scientific and technological achievements have become commonplace. As remarkable as these achievements are for other regions of the world, enormous challenges and opportunities remain to be addressed in Africa. Although...
Discussion session after presentation on ASFAP
This is research infrastructure that is highly competitive in its own right but which is also seen as an important training and feeder infrastructure to an AdLS. Current examples are the OpenLabs started in in several African countries together with the IUCr, XTechLab in Benin and the Sir Aaron Klugg Bioscience Facility in Capetown.
Here several African countries jointly acquire formal membership of an international AdLS. They leverage a threshold of participation that allows African Government involvement in the Council of the Facility, so that there is increased African Access of Researchers, Technologists, Industries and also Governments.
This is an African designed and operated beamline that can address selected African Research Imperatives. It is both an opportunity for increased Science and then something new, Engineering and Technical training and Technology Transfer.
Ministerial representatives of several African Countries discuss science on the continent and the role of the Advanced Light Source.
Combined with
Strategic Task Force discussion
All of these issues have a Pan-African or regional African character.
The cosmic web is a complex network of thin walls, elongated filaments, and dense clusters that map the overall distribution of dark matter density in the universe. Dark matter haloes, which are collapsed structures, form and expand due to gravitational instability caused by slight initial density variations in the cosmic field. Understanding the properties of subhaloes within these haloes is...
we study thermodynamics of charged and uncharged 4-Dimension Einstein–Gauss–
Bonnet (4D-EGB) black holes. The context of this study is the Visser’s holographic thermodynamics with a fixed anti-de Sitter radius and a variable Newton constant known as restricted phase space thermodynamics (RPST). Our setup is constructed by using the AdS/CFT correspondence and by introducing a conjugate...
The discrepancy between Planck data and direct measurements of the current expansion rate $H_0$ has become one of the most intriguing puzzles in cosmology nowadays. The $H_0$ tension has reached $5\sigma$ in the context of standard cosmology i.e $\Lambda$CDM. Therefore, explanations to this issue are mandatory to unveil its secrets. Despite its success, $\Lambda$CDM is unable to give a...
In our study, we used the statefinder diagnostic tool to analyze phantom dark energy (DE) models, specifically the big rip (BR), the little sibling of the big rip (LSBR), and the little rip (LR). We generate evolutionary trajectories of the statefinder $S_n(z)$ diagnostic using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method and plot them based on the best fit extracted from each model. Our results...
In the context of heavy-ion collisions, low relative-velocity two-particle correlations play a pivotal role in understanding the space-time characteristics of particle emission. These characteristics are typically represented by a relative emission source, which is determined through the Koonin-Pratt (KP) convolution formula, utilizing the relative wave-function of the particles. Previous...
In this paper, we construct a hybrid metric Palatini approach in which the Palatini scalar curvature is non minimally coupled to the scalar field. We derive the Einstein’s field equations, the equations of motion of the scalar field. Furthermore, the background and the perturbative parameters are obtained by means of Friedmann equations in the slow roll regime. The analysis of...
Deblurring is commonly applied in optics to correct images for distortions caused by apparatus. Here, we analyze the deblurring from the perspective of applications to nuclear and high energy data. To understand the deblurring we employ Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). We look for cases where the deblurring is successful and where it fails. The essential role is played by null space....
We propose a modification to the standard hybrid inflation model \cite{Linde:1993cn}, that connects a successful hybrid inflation scenario to the standard model Higgs sector, via the electroweak vacuum stability. The proposed model results in an effective inflation potential of a hilltop-type, with both the trans-Planckian and sub-Planckian inflation regimes consistent with the recent...
Structural information obtained at synchrotrons and cry-EMs at up to the atomic level of resolution for even large macro-molecular biomolecules helps to elucidate the function of the bio system. One can identify drug targets or similar medical interventions. This inspires the design of new drugs. Africa should lead research of this nature finding cures for diseases, especially if these are of...
Establishing pressure scale has been a subject of intensive research but still involves significant extrapolation and approximations, especially under the inner core conditions. In order to solve the problem, we developed techniques to measure the sound velocity at high pressure with using Inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS). We developed a primary pressure scale extending to the multi-Megabar...
Nanoparticles, nanoporous materials and nanostructured bulk materials are at the heart of next generation technological solutions in sustainable energy, effective new pharmaceuticals and environmental remediation. A key to making progress is to be able to understand the nanoparticle structure, the arrangements of atoms in the nanoparticles and nanoscale structures. Also critical is...
1.Introduction and methodology
Carbonates are the most important carbon (C) – bearing minerals being key phases in the Earth’s carbon cycle.
The most abundant carbonates in nature are the rhombohedral calcite (CaCO3 - space group R-3c), magnesite (MgCO3 - space group R-3c) and dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2 - space group R-3]. Ankerite [Ca(Mg1-xFex)(CO3)2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7] is isostructural with...
The African School of Electronic Structure Methods and Applications (ASESMA) has built up a network of researchers across Africa with expertise in an area that is now an essential part of research. The focus on computational methods and applications of electronic structure was chosen because it is an important field that is narrow enough to build up a network for joint work and collaboration,...
Ever since the first dedicated light source facilities in the 1980’s, synchrotron light sources have been developing rapidly around the world. These light sources essentially extend our human vision and allow us to see and investigate tiny things from microstructures to molecules and atoms, in many cases in-situ and under operating conditions. Such research activities have made substantial...
Water at the Earth's surface is believed to be transported into the Earth's interior by hydrous minerals. Until recently, however, hydrous minerals were not thought to persist at the extremely high-pressure conditions of the Earth's lower mantle (e.g., 23-120 GPa). In recent years, hydrous phases such as phase H (MgSiO4H2), pyrite-type FeOOH, and delta-AlOOH have been found to be...
Iron and other trace metals are essential micronutrients for marine phytoplankton. The availability of these minerals varies seasonally and spatially, and one or more metals is the primary limiting nutrient in about one third of the global ocean. Synchrotron x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SXRF) enables simultaneous quantification of multiple elements in individual microalgal (phytoplankton)...
For most of my studies and research, I have been doing experiments in different synchrotrons. Synchrotrons are facilities where the main interest is to generate light at different frequencies, from X-ray to IR, and use the light to investigate matter. The main techniques I have worked on, is Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy and X-ray microscopy and fluorescence. These two techniques...
The project LAAAMP was started in 2016 by the International Science Council (ISC) through a grant awarded to the joint IUPAP-IUCr project entitled Utilisation of Light Source and Crystallographic Sciences to Facilitate the Enhancement of Knowledge and Improve the Economic and Social Conditions in Targeted Regions of the World. Aim of the project is to enhance Advanced Light Sources (AdLS) and...
In this paper, we study analytically 2D bosonic oscillator under the influence of an external magnetic field in Anti de Sitter space, we expressed the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave function of the scalar case by Jacobi polynomials and we noticed that the energy remains discrete even for large values of the principal quantum number.For the vector case, since the problem is...
The discovery and development of quantum confinement triggered the study of the influence of the environment on quantum systems. Under such conditions, rearrangement of orbitals occurs in atoms and molecules, leading to changes in physical and chemical properties. This therefore leads us to study hydrogénoïde or artificial atomic systems (quantum dots QD) in plasmas.
We study this systems by...
In his approach to QED, Feynman reintroduced the ordering property of time as a fundamental component of his theory. This violated Minkowski's third postulate, that time be treated as a fourth geometric component, so constrained as to naturally satisfy Lorentz covariance. His work was so physically intuitive and computationally efficient, that despite some criticism, it is the method of...
Abstract
In this study, we examine the relationship between terms of trade and exchange rate volatility in the ECOWAS bloc taking into account the existential role of institutions. We focus on 15 countries in the ECOWAS bloc for the past 21 year (i.e., 2000-2021). Using the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (PARDL), we estimate the short, long-run parameters and the error-correction...
This oral presentation delves into the application of Monte Carlo simulation using GEANT4 software to assess the performance of X-ray detectors. The study focuses on the use of a CsI(Tl) scintillator for X-ray imaging, comparing the outcomes achieved with pixelated and non-pixelated scintillators. The primary objective is to discern the essential differences between these two configurations by...
The diameter of single mode fiber is approximately 50 μm, due to the small diameter of fiber, effective coupling between two optical fibers is possible when fiber connectors will have high precision. In this simulation work, effectiveness of fiber connector will be analysed based on core diameter, taper length, tapered ratio, and numerical aperture. Generally, optical fiber is used in pair for...
Array signal processing is a field of signal processing that utilizes sensor arrays to detect incoming environmental signals and infer the signal's information, such as direction-of-arrival (DOA), signal power, amplitude, etc. Hence, it has numerous applications in automotive radar, astronomy, tomography, imaging, and wireless communication [1]-[3]. Recently, sparse linear arrays (SLAs) have...
Freely Available Complete Video Optics Course
Rick Trebino
Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Physics
Atlanta GA 30332 USA
rick.trebino@phyhsics.gatech.edu
frog.gatech.edu
- Re-inventing the Lecture
Despite the great technological advances of the past few decades, lecture preparation remains a time-consuming task, performed mostly in isolation with only the assistance...
Synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography has shown its importance through time for biomedical, structure of materials, and natural and cultural heritage research. The new installation of BM18 and upgrade of BM05 (Extremely Brilliant Lightsource, EBS), which are both propagation phase contrast micro-computed tomography (PPC-SRµCT) beamlines, at the European Synchrotron and Radiation Facility...
Structural biology clarifies the molecular basis of disease processes, guides the rational design of new drugs and vaccines, and improves existing therapeutics. Few Africa-based scientists are trained in structural biology. BioStruct-Africa develops Africa-based structural biologists by organizing workshops onsite at our partner institutions and universities in Africa, followed by online...
The African BioImaging Consortium (ABIC) was founded as a catalyst to empower and grow life science research in Africa by addressing needs for training, education, and accessibility of microscopy technologies. As a community-driven and community-guided initiative, ABIC seeks to expand the role microscopy plays in biomedical research on the continent — helping embrace imaging approaches in...
In the last decades, we have witnessed an unprecedented surge in high-pressure research that has greatly improved our fundamental understanding of materials under high compression. The X-ray investigations of matter under extreme conditions has become one of the major activities at the ESRF and other 3rd generation synchrotron sources. The array of techniques includes X ray diffraction,...
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a widely recognized experimental probe to study the electronic band structure of a material. It has shown its practical applications in several scientific disciplines such as solid-state and condensed matter physics, material science and engineering, as well as in surface science. ARPES is based on the photoelectric effect, in which an...
Beamline
FinEstBeAMS [1] – Finnish-Estonian Beamline for Atmospheric and Materials Sciences – is located at the 1.5 GeV storage ring at MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden. It has mainly been financed by Finnish and Estonian research consortiums, but any researchers can apply for beamtime at the beamline. FinEstBeAMS receives synchrotron radiation from an elliptically polarizing undulator...
A large fraction of all the meteorites recovered on Earth’s surface are found in Africa. These include carbonaceous chondrites, samples of primitive material from the early Solar System that include prebiotic organic compounds and essential nutrients for the development and sustenance of life. There are also rock fragments from the Moon and from Mars, the latter being the only physical...
The accumulation of metal and their correlation with the rare earth elements (REE) namely Na, Cl, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sb, Cs, Ba, and REE(La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Tm, Yb, Lu), Hf, Ta and Th in roots, leaves and grains in O. Sativa Rice are investigated by destructive Instrumental neutron activation analysis and Proton induced x-ray emission. Exploration of...
Introduction
Light sources provide an indispensable resource for probing with atomic-scale precision, the structural properties of nanoscale materials. In these materials where a strong correlation exists between their crystal structures and their electronic, optical, and magnetic properties, structural and chemical probes using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy are critical...
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Phytoremediation using nanoscale Zerovalent iron (nZVI) and mangroves for decontamination process
Dr. Keyla Soto Hidalgo and Dinorah Martinez Torres
University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus
Abstract:
Phytoremediation uses plants to clean up contaminated environments. Plants can help clean up
many types of contaminants, including metals, pesticides, explosives, and oil....
The VLS-PGM beamline at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) is one of the few beamlines in the Americas that is built to optimize the delivered flux below 250eV, and it is capable of performing X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at Lithium (Li) and Boron (B) K-edges, and Sulfur (S), Phosphorus (P), Silicon (Si) and Aluminium (Al) L-edges with two dedicated endstations and a suite of...
There is a pressing need for the development of reliable, cost-effective sources of nonvolatile electronic storage devices due to the increase in the rate at which information is exchanged during this digital era. Phase change memory (PCM) is more predictable, less expensive, scalable and has an indefinite cyclability compared with other electronic memories like silicon-based flash memory. PCM...
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method. The synthesized CNTs was purified with acid to remove the catalyst impurities and to enhanced deposition platinum (Pt) onto the CNTs surface. Platinum multiwall (Pt-MWCNTs) nanocomposites were produced by a wet impregnation technique and a known amount (0.5 g) nanocomposites was dispersed in Texanol...
The combustion process was used to synthesize the dysprosium (Dy3+) doped Sodium Calcium Vanadate (NaCaVO4) phosphor. The structural, optical and morphological investigations were carried out with the dopant concentrations ranging from x = 0 to 3 mol% for which X-Ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, SEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy were studied. We have explored that the XRD results...
This study reports the analysis of energy transfer on zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) co-activated with terbium (Tb3+) and samarium (Sm3+) prepared by citrate precursor method. The nano-powders were prepared by using the citrate sol-gel method and annealed at 900 oC for 2 hrs for all samples. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) results revealed a single cubic structure of ZnAl2O4 and co-doping with...
Abstract
Currently, there is an overwhelming demand for the development of biocompatible glucose sensors with improved sensing capabilities such as, low limit of detection, high sensitivity and selectivity as compared to current technologies. To meet these needs, a move towards nonenzymatic glucose sensors has become necessary. These new sensors have gained significant interest due to...
- Introduction
Cinnamic acid (2-phenylacrylic acid) is a naturally occurring aromatic fatty acid with known cytotoxic activity towards different cancer cell lines [1]. The activity of this important molecule can be attributed to potential substitution reactions on the phenyl ring, the reducing ability of the C=C double bond and the ability of the -COOH group to donate an H+ to scavenge free...
1. Introduction
Lunar magma ocean (LMO) crystallization experiments and simulations performed by earlier workers have revealed that at the last stage, Fe-Ti-rich cumulates are formed [1,2,3], which have been linked to the varied TiO2 contents of the lunar basalts [4]. These last stage cumulates are postulated to be dense enough to sink down through the underlying...
The goal of this research is to investigate the structural, optoelectronic, and ther-
moelectric properties of the MXene, M 4 C 3 (M = Sc, Cr, and M n), using Wien2k code,
that is based on density functional theory (DFT). Structural properties and optimization
were calculated using PBE-GGA, PBEsol, LDA, and WC approximation. Based on an
analysis of the phase stabilities of the carbides, it...
Laser-induced disordering processes have been studied
intensively during the last decades. In this work, we
present investigations of a laser induced ordering process which
consists in the controlled mobility of crystal defects. In order
to study the possibility to guide vacancies by femtosecond-
laser pulses we performed ab initio
molecular dynamics simulations of laser-excited Silicon...
The European Synchrotron (ESRF) has recently completed its upgrade to become the world's first fourth-generation high-energy synchrotron X-ray source, serving nearly 10,000 researchers annually. The ESRF holds a prominent position on the European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures Roadmap and is recognised as a central pillar of the European Research Area. The exceptional brilliance...
The project of a second Larin American Synchrotron in the Caribbean and its connection with that of AfLS for what concerns implementation strategy and joint acitions of local training will be discussed
Both science in general and frontier technologies researchers in particular, have struggled to communicate to Society their contribution to improve the wellbeing of people around the globe. I have estimated that almost 50 billion dollars have been invested by more that 20 countries in the design, construction, operation, maintenance and upgrade of more than 50 operating Synchrotrons...
With a PhD in Biomedical Sciences from the National University of Mexico and postdoctoral experience at the Imperial College in London, Brenda Valderrama is biotechnologist specialized in molecular biology and biochemistry. She has been a researcher at the Biotechnology Institute of the National University of Mexico since 1997 and member of the National Researchers System with level II. With...
Dr. Abel Moreno was awarded with a B.Sc. in Chemistry from the Autonomous University of Puebla (Mexico) in 1990. Dr. Moreno was also awarded with a Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Granada (Spain) in 1995. Currently, Dr. Moreno is a full Professor of Biological and Physical Chemistry at the Institute of Chemistry of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in Mexico City....
The Machine and Science highlights of the Sirius Light Source and a message for Africa
SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East) is a “third-generation” synchrotron light source that was officially opened in Allan (Jordan) on 16 May, 2017. It is the first synchrotron light source in the Middle East and neighbouring countries, and also the region’s first major international centre of excellence.
It is a cooperative venture by...
The Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS) is an inverse-Compton scattering source and consists of an electron storage ring and a passive bow-tie laser resonator. The X-ray energy varies between 15 keV and 35 keV with a flux up to 1.5⋅10^10 ph/s. Examples of the experiments that can be performed include dynamic in vivo respiratory imaging, propagation-based phase-contrast imaging, grating-based...
Elettra - Machine and Science Highlights, a message for Africa
Status of Hefei light source II, a recently constructed IR-FEL, and the new 4th generation diffraction limited storage ring
The Finnish Synchrotron Light Source Community presents an overview of their community, its science and their roadmap towards a light source
Metastasis suppressor protein 1 (MTSS1) is a membrane-interacting scaffolding protein that functions as a tumour suppressor in various carcinomas. MTSS1 binds phosphoinositide-containing membranes through its I-BAR domain, and can sense and generate negative membrane curvatures; however, the mechanisms by which MTSS1 localizes to cell–cell adhesions in epithelial cells and regulates their...
Introduction
Experimental Procedure
Result and Discussion
Conclusion
Chlorine has the highest electron affinity of any element. In nature, Cl exists mainly as the chloride anion, which was long considered to be unreactive under environmental conditions. In terrestrial soils, that assumption has proved unfounded, largely due to the revelation of various chlorinating enzymes in soil fungi and other microbes. In seawater, however, there has been comparatively...
The Institute of Materials Structure Science is one of the institutes in KEK, and runs a synchrotron facility, Photon Factory (PF), where two synchrotron rings, PF and PF-AR (Advanced Ring) are operated. PF is operated with the beam energy of 2.5 GeV. PF-AR with 6.5 GeV or 5. 0GeV provides higher energy regions. There are about 50 end stations including 6 x-ray absorption fine structure...
X-TechLab is the first experimental platform in West Africa dedicated to training in X-ray techniques and their application to problem solving in key economic sectors. It is established within Sèmè City hub, one of the Benin government’s flagship project which aims to create a world-class knowledge and innovation center in Africa. Started in 2019, X-TechLab has trained over 100 learners (PhD...
Diamond Light Source is the UK's national synchrotron providing national science infrastructure that is free at the point of use. Based on the on the Harwell Campus, Diamond facilities are available to researchers through a competitive application process, provided that published results are in the public domain. Over 14,000 researchers from across life and physical sciences both from...
1. Introduction
Perovskite crystallization has not been understood well to date, due to over emphasis on their efficiencies, especially the triple cation-mixed halide compositions. In addition, the difficulty in measuring the critical nucleus sizes in the range of 100 to 1000 atoms shies most experimental method researchers. Synchrotron radiation-based X-ray techniques allow structural...
AfCA : Introduction update and working towards the AfLS
Countries of the Latin American and Caribbean region demonstrate a clear lag in progress towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015. This lag seems to become more evident after the pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV- 2, and one of the most overdue SDGs is 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure. Large regional research...
