BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//CERN//INDICO//EN BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Recent highlights from Diamond Light Source DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T130000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T133000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9383@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Quigley (Diamond Light Source)\nDiamond Light Source is the UK's national synchrotron providing national science infras tructure that is free at the point of use. Based on the on the Harwell Cam pus\, Diamond facilities are available to researchers through a competitiv e application process\, provided that published results are in the public domain. Over 14\,000 researchers from across life and physical sciences b oth from academia and industry use Diamond to conduct experiments\, assist ed by approximately 700 staff. Here I will give an overview of recent res earch highlights from across the life sciences division\, a brief update o n Diamond II as well as an update on progress towards a potential Start II .\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9383/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9383/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Commwealth Chemistry - The Federation of Commonwealth Chemical Sci ences Societies DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T161500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T163000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9381@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Peter Mallon ()\nThe Federation of Commonwealth Che mical Sciences Societies – or simply\, Commonwealth Chemistry is a feder ation of organizations bound together in the spirit of the Commonwealth. We champion equal opportunity for all\, drive innovation\, and promote exc ellence in the chemical sciences for the benefit of the Commonwealth natio ns and their people. Our mission is to inspire\, celebrate and elevate the role and practice of the chemical sciences for the benefit of Commonwealt h nations and their people. Our Vision involves being one community\, one voice\, catalysing equality for all\, ensure equal and inclusive represen tation from all Commonwealth nations with the recognition that those with greater resources will contribute more in order to support those with fewe r resources.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9381/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9381/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Frontier Synchrotron Technologies Contribution to Society : The ro le of light source governance structures to explain it DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T124500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T131500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9348@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Victor Del Rio (SOCIEDAD MEXICANA DE LUZ SINCROTRÓN A.C.)\nBoth science in general and frontier technologies researchers in p articular\, have struggled to communicate to Society their contribution to improve the wellbeing of people around the globe. I have estimated that almost 50 billion dollars have been invested by more that 20 countries in the design\, construction\, operation\, maintenance and upgrade of more th an 50 operating Synchrotrons facilities in the last 30 years. However\, de spite this level of investment\, little information has been collected\, a nalysed and communicated to the global audiences about their benefits to s ociety. This innovative technology is changing the game about how we app roach and solve human challenges in relatively short time periods\, as the commercialization of COVID 19 vaccines have demonstrated\, but few in the decision-making spheres\, know about it. The world demands more informat ion about Synchrotron technologies but to achieve it Synchrotron leaders a nd researchers have to do much more to produce meaningful information that can be understood by all… in plain language. This is the only way that regions around the worlds without access to this technology could aspire to one day get the level of investment require to access it.\n\nhttps://ev ents.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9348/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9348/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:X-TechLab in Benin as a model for human capacity building in X-Ray science DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T123000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T130000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9382@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Thierry d'Almeida (CEA)\nX-TechLab is the first expe rimental platform in West Africa dedicated to training in X-ray techniques and their application to problem solving in key economic sectors. It is e stablished within Sèmè City hub\, one of the Benin government’s flagsh ip project which aims to create a world-class knowledge and innovation cen ter in Africa. Started in 2019\, X-TechLab has trained over 100 learners ( PhD students\, Engineers & Postdocs) from 13 African countries\, more than 1000 undergraduate students and has involved around 30 lecturers from Afr ica\, Europe\, USA\, and Western Asia. Several applied research projects a re underway\, some of which have already led to scientific publications in peer-review journals.\nThis presentation will focus on how X-TechLab beco mes a role model for human capacity building in Africa. It will highlight the current and upcoming challenges.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/2 43/contributions/9382/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9382/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Importance of X-ray diffraction for the economic and industrial de velopment of Latin American countries DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T143000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T144500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9336@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Carolina Santacruz-Perez (International Science Coun cil)\nCountries of the Latin American and Caribbean region demonstrate a c lear lag in progress towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development a dopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015. This lag seems to beco me more evident after the pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV- 2\, and one of the most overdue SDGs is 9: Industry\, innovation and infrastr ucture. Large regional research centers appear to be a good strategy to ad vance this objective and contribute to the inclusion of women scientists w ith multidisciplinary training. Particle accelerator rings work around lab oratories dedicated to contributing to the scientific priorities of the re gions. This means\, laboratories of Crystallization of Macromolecules\, Ma ss Spectrometry\, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance\, Spectroscopy and Calorimetr y\, Biophysics of Macromolecules\, High-Performance Sequencing\, Metabolom ics\, Bioprocess Development and Scale-up\, Microscopy\, Spectroscopy and light scattering\, Device manufacturing\, Materials synthesis\, Nanotoxico logy and nanosafety\, which have historically had a high participation of women scientists. All these laboratories generate jobs\, build technical c apacities for men and women\, and train generations of doctors for our cou ntries. This presentation shows statistics that demonstrate a high partici pation of women scientists using large research centers where transdiscipl inarity and gender equality are considered fundamental.\n\nhttps://events. saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9336/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9336/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:How to build skills for the African Synchrotron DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T131500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T133000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9379@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Brenda Valderrama (Instituto de Biotecnología UNAM) \nWith a PhD in Biomedical Sciences from the National University of Mexico and postdoctoral experience at the Imperial College in London\, Brenda Va lderrama is biotechnologist specialized in molecular biology and biochemis try. She has been a researcher at the Biotechnology Institute of the Natio nal University of Mexico since 1997 and member of the National Researchers System with level II. With more than 44 scientific articles\, book chapte rs and a book\, her publications have been cited more than 1\,500 times.\n \nBetween 2012 an 2018 she directed the Innovation\, Science and Technolog y Secretariat at the Morelos Government in Mexico\, the first high level o ffice in the country specialized in promoting innovation based economic de velopment. Dr Valderrama is the current president of the Science Academy o f Morelos.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9379/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9379/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synchrotron X-Ray micro-computed tomography on beamlines BM18 and BM05 at the ESRF and current applications in biomedicine\, material scien ces and natural and cultural heritage DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T123000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9378@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kathleen Dollman (ESRF)\nSynchrotron X-ray micro-com puted tomography has shown its importance through time for biomedical\, st ructure of materials\, and natural and cultural heritage research. The new installation of BM18 and upgrade of BM05 (Extremely Brilliant Lightsource \, EBS)\, which are both propagation phase contrast micro-computed tomogra phy (PPC-SRµCT) beamlines\, at the European Synchrotron and Radiation Fac ility (ESRF) presents a novel opportunity for advances in these three fiel ds of imaging. Here\, it is presented some of the fruitful results from ex periments on both these beamlines which highlight the advances made in ima ging techniques. Ground-breaking research is made possible for biomedical imaging with whole organ imaging and hierarchical tomography. The possible represented applications of PPC-SRµCT to investigate fossils includes no n-destructive histological studies\, dental sequencing and studying the gr oss anatomy in specimens. Higher available X-ray energy ranges combined wi th a large field of view has proven to be important for imaging larger and denser manufactured components\, which is crucial for industrial developm ent and material sciences research. As imaging technologies advance\, X-ra y imaging will continue to be pivotal tool for these impactful fields of r esearch.s\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9378/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9378/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Freely Available Complete Video Optics Course DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T094500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T100000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9376@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rick Trebino (Georgia Institute of Technology)\nFree ly Available Complete Video Optics Course\n\nRick Trebino\n\nGeorgia Insti tute of Technology\, School of Physics\nAtlanta GA 30332 USA\nrick.trebino @phyhsics.gatech.edu\nfrog.gatech.edu \n\n1. Re-inventing the Lecture\n\nD espite the great technological advances of the past few decades\, lecture preparation remains a time-consuming task\, performed mostly in isolation with only the assistance of a textbook. Worse\, the resulting talking head in front of a chalk-filled blackboard continues to fail to inspire studen ts worldwide. Fortunately\, technology now allows for the possibility of c reating exciting video lectures with full-color images\, animations\, and movies. Unfortunately\, creating such lectures is even more time-consuming \, so it is rarely done\, and PowerPoint lectures are often singularly uni nspired and so have a much-deserved terrible reputation. However\, once cr eated\, high-quality\, appealing\, exciting\, even fully narrated PowerPoi nt lectures can easily be shared\, significantly reducing teacher preparat ion time and vastly increasing the quality and excitement of the lecture. \n\nWhile various web sites distribute educational applets and images\, wh ich is helpful\, they only partially solve the problem\; these are mere el ements of something bigger and much more time-consuming. Other web sites o ffer video recordings of talking-head lectures\, which\, unfortunately\, a re dull and uninspiring. Others charge fees. So\, for the past two decades \, I have been devoting considerable time developing highly polished\, ful l-color\, complete\, fully narrated courses of PowerPoint lectures for fou r college-level optics and physics courses\, complete with pictures\, movi es\, animations\, and derivations (of which\, Optics and Modern Physics ar e fully\, essentially professionally narrated). They also borrow images an d movies from numerous other (properly cited) sources. And I freely distri bute these entire courses (at frog.gatech.edu). Figure 1 shows still imag es of several (actually highly animated) slides from these lectures. These courses are fully self-contained and can completely replace live lectures . The students watch them at their leisure (for a flipped classroom)\, or the videos can be played in class\, pausing occasionally for discussion. E ither way\, the required effort by the teacher is minimal\, and the result is a vast improvement over the traditional chalk-and-talk\, talking-head lecture.\n\n \nSee pdf for figure.\n \n\n \n\n\ n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nFig. 1. Sample slide s from Rick Trebino’s optics course. Reprinted with permission by Rick T rebino (frog.gatech.edu).\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contribu tions/9376/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9376/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Prediction of Polymorphism and Crystallographic Properties of Cinn amic Acid using CSD-Materials DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T091500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T093000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9331@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Samuel Tetteh (University of Cape Coast\, Ghana)\n1. Introduction\nCinnamic acid (2-phenylacrylic acid) is a naturally occurri ng aromatic fatty acid with known cytotoxic activity towards different can cer cell lines [1]. The activity of this important molecule can be attribu ted to potential substitution reactions on the phenyl ring\, the reducing ability of the C=C double bond and the ability of the -COOH group to donat e an H+ to scavenge free radicals [2]. A search in the Cambridge Structura l Database (CSD) shows that nine polymorphs of cinnamic acid have been dep osited in the database with seven of the entries crystallizing in the P21/ n space group and P21/a and P21/c for the remaining two polymorphs. Other entries involving cocrystals of cinnamic acid were also found in the datab ase. These crystals are usually grown in order to investigate the solid st ate stability and physicochemical properties of the resulting products [3] . Polymorphism\, the occurrence of different crystal forms of the same com pound under different crystallizing conditions is an important phenomenon in the pharmaceutical industry since two polymorphs of the same compound m ay have different therapeutic effects [4]. \n\n2. Results\nRecently\, we c rystallized a new polymorph of cinnamic acid which has been deposited in t he webCSD with refcode\; CINMAC12. It has the following cell parameters\; a = 6.0098(2)\, b = 3.941(2)\, c = 31.5336(14)\; α = 90o\, β = 90.349(4) o\, γ = 90o with a P21/c space group.\nThis presentation will demonstrate the prediction of polymorphism and other crystallographic structural para meters using the CSD-Materials functionality in the program Mercury. Param eters such as full interaction maps\, hydrogen bond statistics and aromati cs analyzer will be accessed. This work will be of interest to crystallogr aphers\, crystal engineers\, pharmacists and chemists. \n \n3. References\ n1. Feng\, L.S.\, et al.\, Cinnamic acid hybrids as anticancer agents: A m ini‐review. Archiv der Pharmazie\, 2022. 355(7): p. 2200052.\n2. De\, P. \, M. Baltas\, and F. Bedos-Belval\, Cinnamic acid derivatives as anticanc er agents-a review. Current medicinal chemistry\, 2011. 18(11): p. 1672-17 03.\n3. Khushaim\, M.S.\, et al.\, Experimental and computational simulati ons of nematogenic liquid crystals based on cinnamic acid in pure and mixe d state. Liquid Crystals\, 2021. 48(11): p. 1493-1504.\n4. Chistyakov\, D. and G. Sergeev\, The polymorphism of drugs: New approaches to the synthes is of nanostructured polymorphs. Pharmaceutics\, 2020. 12(1): p. 34.\n\nht tps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9331/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9331/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Laser-induced nonthermal diffusion of impurities and vacancies in Silicon DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T103000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T104500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9374@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: C. I. K. Mebou (University of Kassel)\nLaser-induced disordering processes have been studied\nintensively during the last deca des. In this work\, we\npresent investigations of a laser induced ordering process which\nconsists in the controlled mobility of crystal defects. In order\nto study the possibility to guide vacancies by femtosecond-\nlaser pulses we performed ab initio\nmolecular dynamics simulations of laser-ex cited Silicon with\ndifferent defect densities using our code CHIVES (Code for Highly\nExcited Valence Electron Systems). The objective of this stud y is\nto determine the impact of laser\nexcitation on defects (vacancies a nd impurity\natoms) migration in Silicon (Si). Starting from initially\nra ndomly distributed defects\, we simulated the ultrashort time\ndynamics of the system after laser heating. As a preliminary\nresults we observed the changed mobility of the vacancies.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/24 3/contributions/9374/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9374/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:First-principles investigation of MXenes M4C3 (M = Sc\, Cr\, and M n) for clean energy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T101500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T103000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9373@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: El Mokhtar Darkaoui ()\nThe goal of this research is to investigate the structural\, optoelectronic\, and ther-\nmoelectric pr operties of the MXene\, M 4 C 3 (M = Sc\, Cr\, and M n)\, using Wien2k cod e\,\nthat is based on density functional theory (DFT). Structural properti es and optimization\nwere calculated using PBE-GGA\, PBEsol\, LDA\, and WC approximation. Based on an\nanalysis of the phase stabilities of the carb ides\, it was found that they are energetically\nstable\, with the followi ng phase stability sequence: Sc 4 C 3 > Cr 4 C 3 > M n 4 C 3 . The\nband g ap 0.784 eV for Sc 4 C 3 is a good gap\, compared to the other MXenes. Usi ng\nthe BoltzTraP2 code\, the transport properties were thoroughly investi gated in terms\nof electrical conductivity\, thermal conductivity\, and Se ebeck coefficient. The figure of\nmerit (ZT)\, which is significant for M 4 C 3 \, was used to determine its role in clean energy\napplications.\n\n https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9373/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9373/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Layered high-pressure\, high-temperature experiments with lunar Fe -Ti cumulate and Mg-rich mantle compositions to understand the origin of v aried Ti-contents of lunar basalts DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T100000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T101500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9369@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: HIMELA MOITRA (INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAG PUR)\n1. Introduction\n---------------\n\n \n\nLunar magma ocean (LMO) cry stallization experiments and simulations performed by earlier workers have revealed that at the last stage\, Fe-Ti-rich cumulates are formed [1\,2\, 3]\, which have been linked to the varied TiO2 contents of the lunar basal ts [4]. These last stage cumulates are postulated to be dense enough to si nk down through the underlying Mg-rich mantle [5]\, possibly till depths o f the lunar core-mantle boundary [6]. To understand this interaction betwe en the Fe-Ti cumulates and the underlying mantle\, new high-pressure\, hig h-temperature\, layered experiments have been performed between an iron-ti tanium-rich silicate composition signifying the Fe-Ti cumulates (6.22 wt.% TiO2 and 40.54 wt.% FeO) and forsteritic olivine (Mg# ~ 92) signifying th e lunar mantle composition\, taken in nearly 1:4 weight ratio (Fig. 1). Th ese experiments were performed between 1-3 GPa and 1100-1525 °C pressure and temperature ranges\, respectively.\n\n[Fig. 1: Run product showing the two layers of starting material and the reaction zone][a]\n\n\n [a]: htt ps://drive.google.com/file/d/1yI66YPXqlb4Py3krf1f4h-TfCaBjRIP5/view?usp=sh aring\n\n2. Results\n----------\n\nThe results show that it is not necessa ry that the cumulates would sink through the underlying mantle. Even if th ey do\, the Fe-Ti cumulates may undergo melting at the pressures and tempe ratures that were prevalent in the early lunar mantle. These would produce partial melts of various TiO2 contents\, depending on the dissolution of different phases\, degree of melting and extent of interaction with the lu nar mantle. These different melts have different densities\, which may or may not be negatively buoyant with respect to the ambient lunar mantle. Th us\, these melts may be stranded inhomogeneously at various depths in the lunar interior. The assimilation of these melts with lunar basaltic melts may perhaps explain the TiO2 variation in lunar basalts.\n\n\n3. Reference s\n-------------\n\n[1] J. F. Rapp and D. S. Draper. Meteorit. Planet. Sci . 53 (2018) 1432. \n[2] G. A. Snyder\, L. A. Taylor and C. R. Neal. Geochi m. Cosmochim. Acta 56 (1992) 3809.\n[3] B. Charlier\, T. L. Grove\, O. Nam ur and F. Holtz. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 234 (2018) 50.\n[4] S. M. Brown and T. L. Grove. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 171 (2015) 201.\n[5] P. C. Hess and E. M. Parmentier. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 134 (1995) 501.\n[6] S. Zho ng\, E. M. Parmentier and M. T. Zuber. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 177 (2000) 131.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9369/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9369/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Obtaining high yield recombinant Enterococcus faecium nicotinate n ucleotide adenylyltransferase for X-ray crystallography DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T094500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T100000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9325@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Olamide Jeje ()\nThe enzyme nicotinate nucleotide ad enylyltransferase (NNAT) has proven to be a potential drug target for the design of new antibacterial agents because of its indispensability in the biosynthesis of NAD+\, a metabolite crucial to the survival of pathogens. However\, no information is available on the structure‐function of E. fa ecium NNAT (EfNNAT). To provide this missing information while validating EfNNAT as a potential druggable target\, the availability of a highly puri fied recombinant EfNNAT is a significant step and a pipeline to accessing this knowledge. This study established how to obtain high-yield recombinan t EfNNAT using the Escherichia coli expression system and a single‐step IMAC purification method. We further solved the three-dimensional structur e of EfNNAT by X-ray crystallography. Two high‐resolution crystal struct ures of EfNNAT in its native and adenine‐bound forms were determined at 1.90 Å and 1.82 Å\, respectively. The presence of phosphate and sulfate ions occupying and interacting with conserved amino acid residues within t he putative substrate binding site aided better insight into the enzyme's probable substrate preference. With the accessibility to high-resolution s tructures of EfNNAT\, further structural evaluation and drug‐based scree ning can now be achieved to aid the discovery of structure‐based inhibit ors against this enzyme.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contribut ions/9325/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9325/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Cobalt Sulfide-Based Biosensor anchored on Graphene for Continuous Monitoring of glucose in sweat. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T090000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T091500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9375@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ngutor Akiiga (Egypt Japan University of Science and Technology)\nAbstract\n \nCurrently\, there is an overwhelming demand for the development of biocompatible glucose sensors with improved sensing ca pabilities such as\, low limit of detection\, high sensitivity and selecti vity as compared to current technologies. To meet these needs\, a move tow ards nonenzymatic glucose sensors has become necessary. These new sensors have gained significant interest due to their capacity to achieve continuo us glucose monitoring\, their high stability compared to traditional gluco se sensors\, and the ease of their fabrication. Research has been extensiv ely geared towards the preparation of these nonenzymatic glucose sensors f rom novel materials\, often with unique micro- or nanostructures\, which p ossess ideal properties for electrochemical biosensor applications. In rec ent years\, a variety of materials including transitional metal-Sulfides ( TMSs) have been explored for their electrocatalytic response to the oxidat ion of glucose due to their abundant nature\, facile synthesis method and biocompatibility. In this regard\, a flexible electrode based on Cobalt Su lfide (CoS) nanoparticles anchored on graphene as a flexible have been su ccessfully fabricated using inkjet printing technology for the electrochem ical sensing of glucose in sweat.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/ contributions/9375/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9375/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Study of optical and energy transfer on co-activated ZnAl2O4:0.1% Tb3+\, 0.1% Sm3+ nanomaterial prepared using the citrate precursor method. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T084500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T090000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9372@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Clinton Dlamini (south african)\nThis study reports the analysis of energy transfer on zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) co-activated w ith terbium (Tb3+) and samarium (Sm3+) prepared by citrate precursor metho d. The nano-powders were prepared by using the citrate sol-gel method and annealed at 900 oC for 2 hrs for all samples. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) results revealed a single cubic structure of ZnAl2O4 and co-doping with Tb3+ and Sm3+ did not affect the structure of synthesized ZnAl2O4. Sc anning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that co-doping the host ma terial of ZnAl2O4 slightly affected the morphology of the synthesized nano -powders. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) reflection spectroscopy suggested t hat the band gap of co-doped ZnAl2O4:0.1% Tb3+\, 0.1% Sm3+ is 1.58 eV. The photoluminescence (PL) results showed several emission peaks located at 4 16\, 487\, 542\, 564\, 597\, 619\, 644 nm. The peak at 416 nm may be assig ned to the host material and the is no any other significant peak observed for the host material besides 416 nm which may be suggesting energy trans fer (ET) from the host → Tb3+ and from host→Sm3+ when single and co-do ping the host material. Emission peaks at 487\, 542 and 619 may be attribu ted to the 5D4→7FJ = 6\, 5 and 3 transitions of Tb3+ ion. The observed e mission peaks located at 564\, 597 and 644 nm may be attributed to 4G5/2 →6H5/2\, 4G5/2→6H7/2 and 4G5/2→6H9/2 transitions of Sm3+ (Mabelane e t al.\, 2022). CIE coordinates results suggested that the emission colour can be tuned from the bluish colour to the violet colour which suggest col our tunability of the material. These results may be suggesting that the c o-doping ZnAl2O4 may be used for solid state lighting materials.\n\nhttps: //events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9372/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9372/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Protocol for Dy3+ modified NaCaVO4 Nanophosphors in Solid-State Li ghting Applications: Structural and Luminescence Investigations DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T083000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T084500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9371@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: KAMNI PATHANIA (SHRI MATA VAISHNO DEVI UNIVERSITY\, KATRA\,INDIA)\nThe combustion process was used to synthesize the dysprosiu m (Dy3+) doped Sodium Calcium Vanadate (NaCaVO4) phosphor. The structural\ , optical and morphological investigations were carried out with the dopan t concentrations ranging from x = 0 to 3 mol% for which X-Ray diffraction\ , photoluminescence spectroscopy\, SEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy were studie d. We have explored that the XRD results indicate vibrant\, clear\, and we ll-defined peaks that are matched to the NaCaVO4 standard card confirming that the phosphor powder crystallized in orthorhombic phase with space gro up Cmcm. From the FESEM pictures\, the particles had an agglomerated morph ology with irregular shapes and sizes in the nm range. The PL properties o f undoped and Dy3+ doped NaCaVO4 were investigated using a 310nm excitatio n source to determine the suitability for use in displays. The emission sp ectrum exhibited two sharp peaks at (450-500) nm and (550-600) nm and a we ak peak at (650-700) nm which is assigned to Dy3+ emission transitions of 4F9/2 →6H15/2 (blue)\, 4F9/2→6H13/2(yellow) and 4F9/2→6H11/2 (red). Doping of NaCaVO4 with Dy3+ for x = 0.25 to 3 mol% concentrations resulted in the band gap modifications in the range of 3.341 to 3.866 eV. The mate rial that we have taken up might be investigated as a new phosphor that co uld be activated by UV light emitting diode (LED) light for solid state li ghting and display applications.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/c ontributions/9371/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9371/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Fabrication of dye sensitized solar cell using produced platinum d oped multiwall carbon nanotube as counter electrode. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T081500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T083000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9370@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sharifat Olalonpe Ibrahim (Department of Physics\, F ederal university of Technology\, Minna\, Nigeria)\nCarbon nanotubes (CNTs ) were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method. T he synthesized CNTs was purified with acid to remove the catalyst impuriti es and to enhanced deposition platinum (Pt) onto the CNTs surface. Platinu m multiwall (Pt-MWCNTs) nanocomposites were produced by a wet impregnation technique and a known amount (0.5 g) nanocomposites was dispersed in Texa nol and Acrylic resins to form a paste. The paste was screen printed on an FTO glass substrate. Surface morphology\, chemical composition\, crystall ographic structure electrical performance of the obtained Pt-MWCNTs nanoco mposites were confirmed by HRSEM\, HRTEM\, EDS\, XRD. The produced MWCNTs and Pt-MWCNTs were used as counter electrode to fabricate the dye sensitiz ed solar cell. The Pt-MWCNTs solar cell was found to η=0.28%.\n\nhttps:// events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9370/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9370/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Optimization of Properties of Bismuth doped Germanium-Antimony-Sel enium-Tellurium for Threshold Switching Applications DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T080000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T081500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9368@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Austine Amukayia Mulama (Maseno University\, Kenya)\ nThere is a pressing need for the development of reliable\, cost-effective sources of nonvolatile electronic storage devices due to the increase in the rate at which information is exchanged during this digital era. Phase change memory (PCM) is more predictable\, less expensive\, scalable and ha s an indefinite cyclability compared with other electronic memories like s ilicon-based flash memory. PCM is based on stable chalcogenide alloys cont aining selenium or tellurium\, which switches very fast between the amorph ous and the crystalline states. However\, the details of the crystalline t o amorphous switching process utilized for memory storage remains an activ e research area with many incomplete details. Although studies have been d one on germanium (Ge) – antimony (Sb) – tellurium (Te) thin films for use in PCM technology\, selenium-bismuth (Se-Bi) doping\, surface passivat ion and film thickness optimization on threshold switching properties has rarely been investigated. The study focuses on investigating these propert ies in addition to the role of materials’ preparation conditions\, in th e understanding of the optimized properties of Ge-Sb-Se-Te thin films for application in PCM technology. The objectives of the study are: To investi gate the effect of film thickness\, and to determine the effect of surface passivation on the optical\, electrical\, and structural properties of as -deposited and annealed Ge-Sb-Se-Te thin films\, and to examine the effect of film thickness and surface passivation on the threshold voltage of Ge- Sb-Se-Te thin films. Optical absorption spectroscopy\, differential scanni ng calorimetry (thermal properties)\, X-Ray diffraction (structural proper ties)\, scanning electron microscopy (morphological properties)\, and temp erature dependent electrical conductivity\, are among the techniques to be applied to the study of flash evaporated thin films of Ge-Sb-Se-Te. It is expected that the analyzed thin films prepared under varied conditions wi ll be compact\, stable and have optimized properties for production of PCM devices with maximum performance and will be readily accessible. This is expected to improve on the speed and time saving which will lead to an eff icient electronic storage system in both government and private institutio ns.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9368/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9368/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A Novel Sparse Linear Array via Maximum Interelement Spacing Conce pt for DOA Estimation Applications DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T093000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T094500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9367@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Steven Wandale (Dept. of Electronics & Physics\, Uni versity of Malawi)\nArray signal processing is a field of signal processin g that utilizes sensor arrays to detect incoming environmental signals and infer the signal's information\, such as direction-of-arrival (DOA)\, sig nal power\, amplitude\, etc. Hence\, it has numerous applications in autom otive radar\, astronomy\, tomography\, imaging\, and wireless communicatio n [1]-[3]. Recently\, sparse linear arrays (SLAs) have gained considerable attention due to their enhanced degrees of freedom (DOF) [1]. Given the c oncept of difference coarray (DCA)\, these SLAs retain an $\\mathcal{O}(N^ 2)$ long central uniform linear array (ULA) segment in their DCA\, which b oosts their DOF\, making them capable of resolving $\\mathcal{O}(N^2)$ unc orrelated sources using only $N$ physical sensors. On the contrary\, tradi tional uniform linear arrays (ULAs) can estimate only $N-1$ sources with t he same $N$ sensors. Besides\, the large interelement spacings (IES) in SL As reduce the mutual coupling (MC) effect [1]\, [3]. On this basis\, sever al SLAs been proposed in [1]-[3] and references therein. In Ref. [1]\, an SLA with enhanced DOF and reduced MC effect\, called the improved maximum IES constrained (IMISC) array\, was introduced. However\, according to [1\ , Appendix A]\, the IMISC array has missing virtual sensors in its DCA\; t herefore\, the realized DOF is not as optimal as expected [2]. Inspired by IMISC\, this paper proposes a new extended IMISC (xMISC) via a hole-filli ng strategy to recover the lost DOF. The strategy leverages IES adjustment \, as demonstrated in [2\, 3]. Numerical examples demonstrate the merits o f the xMISC array over existing SLAs.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/ 243/contributions/9367/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9367/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Tapered Fiber Connector and its performance analysis DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T091500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T093000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9366@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ved Nath Jha (MLS College\, Madhubani)\nThe diameter of single mode fiber is approximately 50 μm\, due to the small diameter of fiber\, effective coupling between two optical fibers is possible when fiber connectors will have high precision. In this simulation work\, effec tiveness of fiber connector will be analysed based on core diameter\, tape r length\, tapered ratio\, and numerical aperture. Generally\, optical fib er is used in pair for transmitting and receiving the optical signal. So\, new type of directional tapered fiber connector would be designed in whic h the structure of the fiber head will be tapered as per the direction of signal transmission and market demand. For the performance analysis of new connector based on lateral deviation and other traditional connectors\, c oupling efficiency will be compared\, it is observed tapered connector wil l have high efficiency at lower error rate based on optical transmission t heory\, numerical aperture matching technology\, refractive index disconti nuities\, optical loss mechanism\, longitudinal and angular deviation\, ma terials etc.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9366/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9366/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Comparative Study on X-ray Imaging with CsI(Tl) Scintillators: Mon te Carlo Simulation using GEANT4 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T090000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T091500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9365@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Charaf Eddine BENKABDI (ÉQUIPE DE RADIATIONS ET SYS TEMES NUCLÉAIRES)\, Tarek El bardouni (Équipe de radiations et systemes nucléaires)\nThis oral presentation delves into the application of Monte Carlo simulation using GEANT4 software to assess the performance of X-ray detectors. The study focuses on the use of a CsI(Tl) scintillator for X-ra y imaging\, comparing the outcomes achieved with pixelated and non-pixelat ed scintillators. The primary objective is to discern the essential differ ences between these two configurations by calculating the Modulation Trans fer Function (MTF) in each case. Furthermore\, the evaluation of the Detec tive Quantum Efficiency (DQE) will allow for an in-depth analysis of perfo rmance. The results of this research provide significant insights into the pros and cons of pixelated and non-pixelated scintillators in the context of X-ray imaging\, with important implications for enhancing radiology de tection techniques. This study presents a valuable contribution to the opt imization of X-ray detection systems.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/ 243/contributions/9365/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9365/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Terms of Trade\, Institutional Quality and Exchange Rate Volatilit y in the Economic Community of West African States DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T084500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T090000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9364@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rosemary Eshun (University of Education\, Winneba)\n Abstract\nIn this study\, we examine the relationship between terms of tra de and exchange rate volatility in the ECOWAS bloc taking into account the existential role of institutions. We focus on 15 countries in the ECOWAS bloc for the past 21 year (i.e.\, 2000-2021). Using the Panel Autoregressi ve Distributed Lag Model (PARDL)\, we estimate the short\, long-run parame ters and the error-correction mechanism to show the relationship between t he exchange rate and the other variables. We find terms of trade and insti tutional quality mostly exert significant negative impact on exchange rate returns in the long run whiles financial development\, external debt and debts services have mixed results. The general imbalances of the term of t rade in the sub-region causes the destabilization of currencies and as a r esult\, reduces aggregate GDP and eventually sinks economic development. T herefore\, strong institutions are needed to produce counterproductive pol icy response to stabilize exchange rates movements.\nKeywords: West Africa \, exchange rate\, institutional quality\, term of trade\, financial devel opment.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9364/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9364/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Modified Hybrid Inflation\, Reheating and Electroweak Vacuum stabi lity DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T094500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T100000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9363@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mustafa Ashry (Faculty of Science\, Cairo University )\, Merna Ibrahim (Department of Physics\, Faculty of Science\, Ain Shams University)\nWe propose a modification to the standard hybrid inflation mo del \\cite{Linde:1993cn}\, that connects a successful hybrid inflation sce nario to the standard model Higgs sector\, via the electroweak vacuum stab ility. The proposed model results in an effective inflation potential of a hilltop-type\, with both the trans-Planckian and sub-Planckian inflation regimes consistent with the recent Planck/BICEP combined results. Reheatin g via the inflation sector decays to right-handed neutrinos is considered. An upper bound on the reheating temperature $T_R \\leq\\sim 2\\times 10^{ 11}~(1\\times 10^{13})$ GeV\, for large~(small) field inflation\, will sup press contributions from one-loop quantum corrections to the inflation pot ential. This may push the neutrino Yukawa couplings to be ${\\cal O}(1)$ a nd affect the vacuum stability. \n We show that the couplings of the SM Hi ggs to the inflation sector can guarantee the electroweak vacuum stability up to the Planck scale. The so-called hybrid Higgs-inflaton model leads t o a positive correction for the Higgs quartic coupling at a threshold scal e\, which is shown to have a very significant effect in stabilizing the el ectroweak vacuum. We find that even with ${\\cal O}(1)$ neutrino Yukawa co uplings\, threshold corrections leave the SM vacuum stability intact.\n\nh ttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9363/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9363/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Deblurring for Nuclear Physics DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T093000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T094500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9362@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sinethemba Neliswa Mamba (African Institute for Math ematical Sciences (AIMS))\nDeblurring is commonly applied in optics to cor rect images for distortions caused by apparatus. Here\, we analyze the de blurring from the perspective of applications to nuclear and high energy d ata. To understand the deblurring we employ Singular Value Decomposition ( SVD). We look for cases where the deblurring is successful and where it f ails. The essential role is played by null space. Important role in suppr essing an uncontrolled growth of null-space contributions in the restored images is played by regularizations. Surprisingly\, the deblurring can ac hieve a partial success in restoring null space contributions in the case of high-contrast intensity distributions.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/ev ent/243/contributions/9362/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9362/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Higgs inflation model with non-minimal coupling in hybrid Palatini approach DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T091500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T093000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9361@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Brahim Asfour (LPMR\, Faculty of sciences\, Mohammed First University\, Oujda.)\nIn this paper\, we construct a hybrid metric Palatini approach in which the Palatini scalar curvature is non minimally coupled to the scalar field. We derive the Einstein’s field equations\, the equations of motion of the scalar field. Furthermore\, the background and the perturbative parameters are obtained by means of Friedmann equatio ns in the slow roll regime. The analysis of cosmological\nperturbations al lowed us to obtain the main inflationary parameters such as the scalar spe ctral index ns and the tensor to scalar ratio r. In this perspective\, as an application of our analysis\, we consider the Higgs field with quartic potential which plays the inflaton role\, and we show that predictions of Higgs hybrid inflation are in good agreement with the recent observational data.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9361/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9361/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Deconvoluting source function from two-particle correlations in He avy-ion Collision DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T090000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T091500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9360@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Pierre Nzabahimana (Albion College and FRIB)\nIn the context of heavy-ion collisions\, low relative-velocity two-particle corr elations play a pivotal role in understanding the space-time characteristi cs of particle emission. These characteristics are typically represented b y a relative emission source\, which is determined through the Koonin-Prat t (KP) convolution formula\, utilizing the relative wave-function of the p articles. Previous studies have commonly approximated this source with a G aussian parametrization and fit it to the correlation function\, although broader inferences have also been made through fitting methods. Here\, we propose the application of the Richardson-Lucy (RL) optical deblurring alg orithm to extract the source from a correlation function. The RL algorithm \, grounded in probabilistic Bayesian principles\, relies on the positive definiteness of intensity distributions for the optical object\, its image \, and the convolution kernel\, which align with the relevant quantities i n the KP formula. Additionally\, we employ a transport model to analyze tw o-proton (p-p) correlations in heavy-ion collisions at low incident energi es per nucleon (E/A). Specifically\, we utilize the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhle nbeck (BUU) transport model to simulate the p-p source. Subsequently\, we integrate this source and the p-p kernel within the KP formula to calculat e the correlations. By comparing the correlations obtained from the BUU si mulation with those from the RL algorithm\, we aim to gain a deeper unders tanding of the impact of fast and slow emissions on the measured correlati ons. Drawing insights from this comparison\, we correct the BUU source fun ction by incorporating a tail to account for the contribution of secondary decay emissions\, which cannot be accurately captured by BUU simulations. To illustrate our approach\, we examine p-p correlations measured in Ar + Sc reactions at E/A = 80 MeV\, considering both momentum-independent and momentum-dependent nuclear equations of state (EOS).\n\nhttps://events.sai p.org.za/event/243/contributions/9360/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9360/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Bio-fertilizers DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T084500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T090000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9359@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Aondoakura Shaapera ()\nABSTRACTBio-fertilizers are the living microbes that inhabit the root zone or the interior plant parts . These microbes promote growth\, productivity\, and physiological propert ies of plant either directly or indirectly and hence\, are also said as pl ant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Biofertilizers increase the growth as well as development of plant by amassing the accessibility of mineral nutr ients\, biological nitrogen fixation\, solubilizing phosphorus\, and produ ction of growth hormones. Moreover\, these microbes and their by-products are eco-friendly organic agro-input that increased the sustainability as w ell as soil health and thus are considered as the best alternative to synt hetic fertilizers. They are effective in very less quantity\, have faster breakdown process\, and are less likely to make resistance by the pathogen s and other kinds of pests. The use of biofertilizers in agrarian practice s overcomes the use of chemical fertilizers\, which have harmful impacts o n all kinds of living beings and depreciate soil health.\n\nhttps://events .saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9359/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9359/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Biogeochemical Chlorination of Marine Organic Matter DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T083000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T084500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9358@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alessandra Leri (Marymount Manhattan College)\nChlor ine has the highest electron affinity of any element. In nature\, Cl exist s mainly as the chloride anion\, which was long considered to be unreactiv e under environmental conditions. In terrestrial soils\, that assumption h as proved unfounded\, largely due to the revelation of various chlorinatin g enzymes in soil fungi and other microbes. In seawater\, however\, there has been comparatively little evidence to change the enduring perception o f the unreactivity of chloride. Halogenating enzymes in marine organisms a re primarily bromoperoxidases that take advantage of abundant bromide with lower electron affinity. Known modes of natural marine chlorination produ ce volatile species such as methyl chloride\, which is emitted by marine a lgae and likely forms through the action of methyl transferases. \n\nUsing synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the “tender” energ y of the Cl K-absorption edge (~2\,820 eV)\, we measured high concentratio ns of organochlorine in naturally degraded particulate organic matter from oceanic sediment traps. In addition\, we used X-ray spectromicroscopy to reveal heterogeneously distributed aliphatic and aromatic fractions of org anochlorine within the sediment trap material. The major precursor of sedi mentary material is phytoplankton biomass\, the detritus of which undergoe s oxidative breakdown as part of the marine carbon cycle. We hypothesized that unsaturated lipid and protein moieties in phytoplankton detritus woul d be susceptible to chlorination through oxidative degradation. Using a se ries of model experiments and a novel X-ray spectroscopic technique\, we h ave shown that algal particulates are readily chlorinated through various abiotic pathways\, including photochemical and Fenton-like reactions. Thes e processes produce organochlorine in particulate algal detritus at levels exceeding 0.1% by mass. We have also measured non-volatile natural organo chlorine in several species of marine phytoplankton for the first time.\n\ nThis discovery of abiotic pathways for large-scale chlorination of marine organic matter provided the first suggestion of a marine chlorine cycle i nvolving chemical transformations of chloride. Chlorinated organic matter may represent a particularly stable component of marine organic carbon\, w ith possible implications for preservation in sediments.\n\nhttps://events .saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9358/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9358/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Effect of an ambient environment on light-induced degradation of organic solar cells based on a benzodithiophene–quinoxaline copolymer in air DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T081500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T083000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9357@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kidan Gebremariam (University lecturer)\nIntroductio n\nExperimental Procedure\nResult and Discussion\nConclusion\n\nhttps://ev ents.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9357/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9357/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Lamellipodia-like membrane protrusions regulate the integrity of e pithelial cell-cell adhesions DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T080000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T081500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9356@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Yosuke Senju (Research Institute for Interdisciplina ry Science (RIIS)\, Okayama University)\nMetastasis suppressor protein 1 ( MTSS1) is a membrane-interacting scaffolding protein that functions as a t umour suppressor in various carcinomas. MTSS1 binds phosphoinositide-conta ining membranes through its I-BAR domain\, and can sense and generate nega tive membrane curvatures\; however\, the mechanisms by which MTSS1 localiz es to cell–cell adhesions in epithelial cells and regulates their integr ity and maintenance remain elusive. Using fluorescence and electron micros copy\, we found that cell–cell adhesions of Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells harbour lamellipodia-like\, dynamic actin-driven membrane fol ds\, which exhibit negative membrane curvatures at their distal edges. Bio ID proteomics demonstrated that MTSS1 forms a complex with actin-binding p roteins in lamellipodia-like membrane protrusions at cell–cell adhesions . Inhibition of actin filament assembly at adherens junctions leads to def ects in epithelial integrity. Together\, these results support a model in which membrane-associated MTSS1\, together with actin-binding proteins\, p romotes the formation of dynamic lamellipodia-like membrane protrusions th at regulate the integrity of cell–cell adhesions in epithelial monolayer s.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9356/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9356/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Confined Atomic Systems in Charged Environments DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T081500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T083000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9355@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mustafa Moumni (University of Batna1)\nThe discovery and development of quantum confinement triggered the study of the influen ce of the environment on quantum systems. Under such conditions\, rearrang ement of orbitals occurs in atoms and molecules\, leading to changes in ph ysical and chemical properties. This therefore leads us to study hydrogén oïde or artificial atomic systems (quantum dots QD) in plasmas.\nWe study this systems by using the Killingbeck potential as a confining potential and solve the Schrodinger equation for this potential analytically to find the exact expressions of both energies and eigenfunctions.\n\nhttps://eve nts.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9355/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9355/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Thermodynamic Properties of Duffin Kemmer Petiau oscillator in a m agnetic field with EUP DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T080000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T081500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9354@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lakhdar Sek (University of Eloued )\nIn this paper\, we study analytically 2D bosonic oscillator under the influence of an ext ernal magnetic field in Anti de Sitter space\, we expressed the energy eig envalues and the corresponding wave function of the scalar case by Jacobi polynomials and we noticed that the energy remains discrete even for large values of the principal quantum number.For the vector case\, since the pr oblem is almost impossible to solve so we used the non relativistic limit to obtain the spectrum which shows that there is an additional term coming from the spin orbit with the interaction of the deformation. \nAt last\, we analysed the thermodynamic properties of the system and obviously it sh owed that the results affected by the deformation of the space.\n\nhttps:/ /events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9354/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9354/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Mathematical and Physical Foundations for QED DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T083000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T084500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9353@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tepper Gill (Howard University)\nIn his approach to QED\, Feynman reintroduced the ordering property of time as a fundamental component of his theory. This violated Minkowski's third postulate\, that time be treated as a fourth geometric component\, so constrained as to na turally satisfy Lorentz covariance. His work was so physically intuitive and computationally efficient\, that despite some criticism\, it is the m ethod of choice for all textbooks on the subject and has since migrated to other areas of physics. This talk reviews research on the mathematical an d physical foundations of quantum electrodynamics (QED).\n\nWe provide pro ofs of the following results.\n\n1. Minkowski's third postulate\, that tim e be treated as a fourth geometric component of a four vector is incompati ble with the two postulates of Einstein for two or more particles.\n\n2. C omplete analysis of the Dirac equation for Hydrogen shows that the Pauli a pproximation is invalid for the study of s-states and that cut-offs are al l ready required before field quantization.\n\n3. Dyson's first conjectur e\, that the ultra-violet divergency in QED is caused by a violation of th e Heisenberg uncertainly relationship.\n\n4. Dyson's second conjecture\, t hat the renormalized perturbation series is asymptotic.\n\nhttps://events. saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9353/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9353/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Comparing phantom dark energy models using statefinder diagnostic DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T084500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T090000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9352@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Dalale mhamdi (Laboratory of Physics of Matter and R adiations\, Mohammed I University\, BP 717\, Oujda\, Morocco)\nIn our stud y\, we used the statefinder diagnostic tool to analyze phantom dark energy (DE) models\, specifically the big rip (BR)\, the little sibling of the b ig rip (LSBR)\, and the little rip (LR). We generate evolutionary trajecto ries of the statefinder $S_n(z)$ diagnostic using a Markov Chain Monte Car lo method and plot them based on the best fit extracted from each model. O ur results demonstrate that\, in the high-redshift region\, the phantom DE models exhibit strong degeneracy with each other and the $\\Lambda \\math rm{CDM}$ model\, even with different parameter values. However\, this dege neracy is broken in the low-redshift region through the use of $S_3^{(1)}$ and $S_4^{(1)}$ diagnostics. Furthermore\, we observe that the statefinde r diagnostic tool reveals the diverse behavior of the LSBR model\, which c an take on quintessence-like or phantom-like qualities depending on the $\ \Omega_{l s b r}$ parameter. In contrast\, the LR model is only phantom-li ke. We also perform a direct comparison of the phantom DE models using the $\\left\\{S_3^{(1)}\, S_4^{(1)}\\right\\}$ and $\\left\\{S_3^{(1)}\, S_3^ {(2)}\\right\\}$ planes and demonstrate that the separation between the mo dels is visible at the current state of the models. Overall\, we find that the statefinder diagnostic tool is robust in distinguishing between diffe rent DE models and even models of the same type with different equation of state (EoS)\, which ultimately lead to different outcomes for the fate of the Universe.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9352/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9352/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Constraining the phantom dynamical dark energy model and smoothing the Hubble tension. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T083000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T084500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9351@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Safae DAHMANI (Mohammed I University)\nThe discrepan cy between Planck data and direct measurements of the current expansion ra te $H_0$ has become one of the most intriguing puzzles in cosmology nowada ys. The $H_0$ tension has reached $5\\sigma$ in the context of standard c osmology i.e $\\Lambda$CDM. Therefore\, explanations to this issue are man datory to unveil its secrets. Despite its success\, $\\Lambda$CDM is unabl e to give a satisfying explanation to the tension problem. Unless some sys tematic errors are hidden in the observable measurements\, physics beyond the standard model of cosmology must be advocated. In this perspective\, w e study a phantom dynamical dark energy model as an alternative to $\\Lamb da$CDM in order to explain the aforementioned issues. This phantom model i s characterised by one extra parameter\, $\\Omega_{\\mathrm{pdde}}$\, comp ared to $\\Lambda$CDM. We obtain a strong positive correlation between $H_ 0$ and $\\Omega_{\\mathrm{pdde}}$\, for all data combinations. Using Plan ck18 measurements together with BAO and Pantheon\, we find that the $H_0$ is $ 3.4\\sigma$. By introducing a prior on the absolute magnitude\, $M_\\ mathrm{B}$\, of the SN Ia\, the $H_0$ tension decreases to $2.49\\sigma$ w ith $H_0 = 69.7^{+0.83}_{-0.86} $ km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$.\n\nhttps://event s.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9351/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9351/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Black Holes in Holography Thermodynamics DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T081500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T083000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9350@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ladghami yahya (Mohammed I University\, Oujda\, Moro cco)\nwe study thermodynamics of charged and uncharged 4-Dimension Einstei n–Gauss–\nBonnet (4D-EGB) black holes. The context of this study is th e Visser’s holographic thermodynamics with a fixed anti-de Sitter radius and a variable Newton constant known as restricted phase space thermodyna mics (RPST). Our setup is constructed by using the AdS/CFT correspondence and by introducing a conjugate quantity of the Gauss–Bonnet parameter. B y this ansatz\, we conclude that the Gauss–Bonnet action multiplied by a temperature\, behaves as a free energy. We derive the conjugate quantitie s corresponding to the first law in the RPST formalism. The study of the T − S processes and the effect of the Gauss–Bonnet constant\, α\, show that thermodynamic properties of charged black holes depend on the Gauss –Bonnet term and the charge of black holes. For an uncharged black holes \, the effect of Gauss–Bonnet becomes crucial\, as it behaves as a charg ed black hole with an effective charge. Finally\, we find that the Hawking -Page phase transition occurs between a large black hole and a thermal AdS space.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9350/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9350/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Dark Matter Subhalo Properties in the Cosmic Web DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T080000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T081500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9349@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Feven Markos Hunde (Center for Theoretical Physics o f the Polish Academy of Sciences)\nThe cosmic web is a complex network of thin walls\, elongated filaments\, and dense clusters that map the overall distribution of dark matter density in the universe. Dark matter haloes\, which are collapsed structures\, form and expand due to gravitational ins tability caused by slight initial density variations in the cosmic field. Understanding the properties of subhaloes within these haloes is crucial f or studying the impact of their location within the cosmic web on the pare nt haloes and the galaxies they host. While there is evidence that the cha racteristics of dark matter haloes and the galaxies they contain vary acro ss different cosmic web environments\, the dependence of dark matter subha lo properties on their cosmic web environment requires further investigati on. In this study\, using a high-resolution N-body simulation we investiga te how the mass function\, concentration\, velocity function\, and radial distribution of dark matter subhaloes depend on the cosmic web environment . We also investigated the redshift evolution of these properties and thei r alignment with the large-scale structure of haloes in filaments\, sheets \, and voids. In this presentation\, I will discuss our comprehensive resu lts on the relationship between dark matter subhalo properties and the cos mic web environment.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions /9349/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9349/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Crystallogenesis and structural research on human transferrins as potential drug transporter using Synchrotron techniques DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T133000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T134500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9321@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Abel Moreno (Institute of Chemistry\, UNAM)\nDr. Abe l Moreno was awarded with a B.Sc. in Chemistry from the Autonomous Univers ity of Puebla (Mexico) in 1990. Dr. Moreno was also awarded with a Ph.D. i n Chemistry from the University of Granada (Spain) in 1995. Currently\, Dr . Moreno is a full Professor of Biological and Physical Chemistry at the I nstitute of Chemistry of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNA M) in Mexico City. He has been distinguished as a member of the Mexican Ac ademy of Sciences\, Mexican Society of Crystallography\, Mexican Society o f Synchrotron Light\, the New York Academy of Sciences\, and member of the Mexican and American Chemical Societies as well as the Spanish Royal Soci ety of Chemistry. Prof. Moreno has been a visiting professor at the Univer sity of Granada (Spain\, from November 2020 to October 2021)\; University of Cambridge (United Kingdom\, January-December 2009) and at the Universit y of Strasbourg (France\, 2003–2004). Dr. Moreno has been a visiting sci entist at the University of Luebeck and at the Institute of Crystal Growth (IKZ) Berlin (Germany\, February 2004)\, at the University of Tohoku (Jap an\, Autumn 2003)\, at Imperial College London (United Kingdom in 1999 and 2000)\, and at the University of California Riverside (USA\, 1997). \n\nD r. Abel Moreno has published more than 123 papers in prestigious internati onal journals cited 2500 times having a H-index of 25. He is the author of 15 book chapters and 8 books on his specialties in Biological Crystalloge nesis\, Crystallochemistry\, and Biomineralization processes. Into the Aca demia he has graduated more than 33 students at all levels from BSc up to the PhDs and postdoctoral fellows. Prof. Moreno is member of the Editorial Board of the journal Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of M aterials (ELSEVIER). Editor for the Latin America section of the Newslette r of the International Union of Crystallography\, and Editor-in-Chief of t he section Biomolecular Crystals of the journal Crystals (MDPI\, Switzerla nd). Recently was assigned associate editor of the journal CrystEngComm fr om the RSC (UK) as well as the Mexican Journal of Physics (Mexico).\n\nhtt ps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9321/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9321/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:STF - African Beamline at an International AdLS DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T161500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T163000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9347@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Edward Mitchell (ESRF)\nThis is an African designed and operated beamline that can address selected African Research Imperativ es. It is both an opportunity for increased Science and then something new \, Engineering and Technical training and Technology Transfer.\n\nhttps:// events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9347/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9347/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:STF - Collective African Membership of an International AdLS DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T160000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T161500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9346@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sonia Semedo (UFPLP and Universidade de Cabo Verde)\ nHere several African countries jointly acquire formal membership of an in ternational AdLS. They leverage a threshold of participation that allows A frican Government involvement in the Council of the Facility\, so that the re is increased African Access of Researchers\, Technologists\, Industries and also Governments.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributio ns/9346/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9346/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Spectroscopy capabilities in the VUV - Soft X-ray region at the Ca nadian Light Source\, the Variable Line Spacing-Plane Grating Monochromato r beamline DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T164500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T170000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9345@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lucia Zuin (Canadian Light Source)\nThe VLS-PGM beam line at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) is one of the few beamlines in the Americas that is built to optimize the delivered flux below 250eV\, and i t is capable of performing X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at Lithium (Li) and Boron (B) K-edges\, and Sulfur (S)\, Phosphorus (P)\, Silicon (Si ) and Aluminium (Al) L-edges with two dedicated endstations and a suite of detectors.\nImprovement to the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANE S) measurements over the B K-edge\, and S and P L-edges\, have been achiev ed by the use of a recently commissioned silicon drift detector (SDD) for partial fluorescence yield (PLY)\; a multichannel plate detector (MCP) for total fluorescence yield (FLY) and total electron yield (TEY) are routine ly used over the full beamline energy range.\nThis combination is well sui ted for a number of CLS strategically important scientific disciplines\, b eing B\, S and P some of the essential elements in agriculture\, agri-food \, and environmental science research.\nThe capabilities of the beamline\, with relevant examples\, are highlighted in the talk.\n\nhttps://events.s aip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9345/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9345/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Phytonanoremediaton using mangroves and iron nanomaterials to remo ve heavy metals DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T163000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T164500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9328@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Keyla Soto Hidalgo (University of Puerto Rico)\n1 / 2\nPhytoremediation using nanoscale Zerovalent iron (nZVI) and mangroves f or decontamination process\n\n\nDr. Keyla Soto Hidalgo and Dinorah Martine z Torres\nUniversity of Puerto Rico\, Rio Piedras Campus\n\nAbstract:\n\nP hytoremediation uses plants to clean up contaminated environments. Plants can help clean up\nmany types of contaminants\, including metals\, pestici des\, explosives\, and oil. Our recent studies\nhave shown that phytonanor emediation process is efficient combining mangroves and nanoscale zerovale nt iron (nZVI) using contaminated soil with Cadmium and Lead. We evaluated the efficiency of the phytonanoremediation process using Avicennia germin ans and Rhisophora mangle with and without nZVI to remove Cd and Pb in con taminated soils by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis measurements. Comprehensive chemical and physical characterization of the resulting nZV I products after their exposure to Cd2+ was done. Further studies of the r esulting nanostructures were completed using a photoelectrochemical solar cell (PSC) as the photoanode material. Incident photon-to-current efficien cy (IPCE) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis of the se PSCs showed active photochemical properties in the ultraviolet range fo r the sample exposed to 30 ppm of Cd2+. Changes in the structure and chemi cal oxidation states of the species were observed in transmission electron microscopy (TEM)\, X-ray diffraction (XRD)\, and X-ray photoelectron spec troscopy (XPS)\, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis was attributed to these photochemical properties. These results show an alternative synt hetic method for producing iron oxides for photocatalytic applications\, a nd a possible strategy for reuse of nZVI after water remediation treatment s. At CLS\, we will evaluate fresh and aged nZVI together with Fe oxide mo del compounds\, using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption (XAS) and X-ray f luorescence spectroscopy (XRF) to obtain both the relative oxidation state \, using the absorption structure near edge X-ray images (XANES)\, well-ex tended regions (EXAFS)\, and quantitative speciation information regarding the types and proportions of mineral species present\, from the extent an alysis. On the other hand\, the use of mangroves with nZVI to remove heavy metals with different concentrations will be evaluated using BioXAS and X -ray fluorescence imaging.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contrib utions/9328/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9328/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Temperature and Moisture Triggered Crystallization of Triple Catio n-Mixed Halide Perovskite Cells to Reduce Phase Segregations DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T133000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T134500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9289@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Elly Miller Shatsala (Masinde Muliro University of S cience and Technology and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)\n**1. Int roduction**\nPerovskite crystallization has not been understood well to da te\, due to over emphasis on their efficiencies\, especially the triple ca tion-mixed halide compositions. In addition\, the difficulty in measuring the critical nucleus sizes in the range of 100 to 1000 atoms shies most ex perimental method researchers. Synchrotron radiation-based X-ray technique s allow structural characterization providing valuable information about t he inner film morphology\, e.g.\, Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) probe s length scales in the atomic range and thus yields crystallographic infor mation about the sample[1]\, while GISAXS is a technique that is surface-s ensitive (due to the grazing incidence used) and probes longer length scal es\, thus providing a full mesoscale approach to the problem of crystalliz ation and the morphology of the samples[2]. The use of fast two-dimensiona l (2D) detectors with synchrotron radiation allows *in situ* experiments d uring the growth of perovskites. Sizes\, shapes\, distances\, and correlat ions of particles are determined from the GISAXS measurements. These param eters will be fundamental in understanding the process of nucleation and g rowth [3]. In this work\, we seek to address the influence of heat stress and moisture probing on the crystallization kinetics of triple cation-mixe d halide perovskite cells using in situ WAXS/GISAXS and optical microscopy through photoluminescence.\n \n**2. Methods**\n\nCs0.05MA0.75FA0.20Pb(Ix Br1-x)3[4] will be prepared by reaction of CsI\, FAI and MAI with an in-or ganic halide precursor salt PbI2 and PbBr2 . One mole of CsI\, MAI & FAI a nd one mole of PbI2 & PbBr2 in stoichiometric ratios will be dissolved in 1000 µl of dimethylformamide (DMF) and 10 µl dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) i n ratio of 4:1 for the solvent. The solution will be dissolved overnight a t 60° C in a nitrogen filled glovebox. To prepare Cs0.05FA0.75MA0.20)Pb(I xBr1-x)3 films\, the 100ul of the precursor solution will be spin coated o nto a substrate in two steps of 2000rpm and 1500rpm for 30s. Ethyl-acetate anti-solvent will be introduced after 20s of spin coating to evaporate th e solvent from the film. Annealing will be at 1500C for 15 minutes on a ho t plate with 500 rpm. \n**In Situ GIWAXS/GISAXS Experiments:** \nGIWAXS me asurements will be conducted at 23A small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering beamline at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The wavelength of X-ray is 1.240 Å (10 keV) and the scattering signals will be collected by a C9728DK area detector. The sample to detector distance will be ≈166 m m\, calibrated with a lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) sample. The incident ang le will be kept at 2° to enhance the signal resolution with a frame expos ure time of 3 s. The spin-coating process will be conducted in an air-tigh t chamber under N2 flow\, which will consist of a spin-coater and a motori zed syringe for remote injection of CB. After the perovskite precursor is dropped on the substrate\, concomitant WAXS/SAXS measurement and sample sp inning could be triggered simultaneously\, followed by a programmed CB inj ection on the spinning film at a designated timing during the whole 300 s spinning process at 1500 rpm. \n**In Situ Photoluminescence Microscopy Set up**\nA Nikon LP-EPILED microscope with a Pixelink PL-B742FF camera will b e attached above a bar coating system to observe the kinetics of crystalli zation of the perovskite solution. Immediately after spreading the perovsk ite inks\, the lens will be lowered in place and the focus will be adjuste d to observe the perovskite ink as it dries at the center of the glass sub strate. The image stacks will be processed and analyzed by Image J-FIJI to extract the number of crystals\, spatial distribution (40× magnification )\, and area of the crystals (60× magnification) \n\n**3. References**\n\ n[1] Schlipf J.\; Muller-Buschbaum P. Structure of Organometal Halide Pero vskite Films as Determined with Grazing-Incidence X-Ray \nScattering Metho ds. Adv. Energy Mater. (2017)\, 7\, 1700231 10.1002/aenm.201700131. \n[2] Erdemir D.\; Lee A. Y.\; Myerson A. S. Nucleation of Crystals from Solutio n: Classical and Two-Step Models. Acc. Chem. Res. (2009)\, 42\, \n621–62 9. 10.1021/ar800217x. \n[3] Li T.\; Senesi A. J.\; Lee B. Small Angle X-Ra y Scattering for Nanoparticle Research. Chem. Rev. (2016)\, 116\, 11128– 11180. \n10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00690.\n[4] Liu\, K.\, Luo\, Y.\, Jin\, Y. et al. Moisture-triggered fast crystallization enables efficient and stabl e perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun 13\, \n4891 (2022). https://doi.org/1 0.1038/s41467-022-32482-y\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contribu tions/9289/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9289/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synchrotron X-ray studies of superconducting vacancy-ordered monoc linic Titanium monoxide films during synthesis DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T161500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T163000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9337@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Divine Kumah (Duke University)\nIntroduction \n\nLig ht sources provide an indispensable resource for probing with atomic-scale precision\, the structural properties of nanoscale materials. In these ma terials where a strong correlation exists between their crystal structures and their electronic\, optical\, and magnetic properties\, structural and chemical probes using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy are critical for understanding and engineering the functional properties of ma terials for applications in quantum computing\, energy\, and catalysis. Th e ability to directly probe these materials as they are being synthesized and in-operando allows for developing precise quantitative models to predi ct how materials grow and behave.\nIn this talk\, results will be presente d on the evolution of the crystal structure of superconducting monoclinic titanium monoxide thin films during thin film synthesis using the molecula r beam epitaxy atomic layer-by-layer growth technique. By monitoring the l attice structure during growth using synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffrac tion at the 33ID beamline at the Advanced Photon Source\, we observe the e volution of strain and the ordering of Oxygen and Titanium vacancies leadi ng to the formation of the monoclinic TiO phase. \n \nResults\n\nVacancy o rdering is correlated to a superconducting-to-metal transition at ~ 2.8 K. The transition contrasts with the superconducting-to-insulator transition observed in other superconducting TixOy phases where disorder may play a role in the insulation normal phase.\nThese results are essential for unde rstanding the role disorder plays in modulating transport in superconducti ng materials and pave the way for designing high-temperature superconducto rs.\n\n References\n\n[1] M Baksi\, H Hong\, DP Kumah\, arXiv:2305.16973 ( 2023)\n[2] Y. Ozbek\, C. Brooks\, X. Zhang\, A. Al-Tawhid\, V. A Stoica\, Z. Zhang\, D. P. Kumah. Physical Review Materials 6 (6)\, 064805 (2021).\n \nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9337/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9337/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Instrumentation Neutron Activation Analysis & Proton Induced X-RAY Emission techniques supported with Machine learning analysis for rare ear th/macro/micro elements correlation from O. Sativa Rice varieties in Seneg al River valley DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T160000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T161500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9335@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alassane TRAORE (Universite Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar)\ nThe accumulation of metal and their correlation with the rare earth eleme nts (REE) namely Na\, Cl\, Ca\, Sc\, Ti\, V\, Cr\, Mn\, Fe\, Co\, Cu\, Zn\ , As\, Se\, Br\, Rb\, Sb\, Cs\, Ba\, and REE(La\, Ce\, Nd\, Sm\, Eu\, Tb\, Tm\, Yb\, Lu)\, Hf\, Ta and Th in roots\, leaves and grains in O. Sativa Rice are investigated by destructive Instrumental neutron activation analy sis and Proton induced x-ray emission. Exploration of resulting experiment al data using Machine Learning techniques shows that the iron is highly co rrelated with the amount of REE (Cs\, Rb\, Sr\, Sb\, Ba\, La\, Ce\, Sm\, Y b\, Nd\, Eu\, Tb\, Tm\, and Lu) and Hf\, Ta and Th accumulation. More impo rtantly\, we observe a decreasing iron concentration between root and stem in comparison with the increasing chlorine contents. We also remark that there are no accumulation effects for all root tissues of REE.\n\nhttps:// events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9335/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9335/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Experiences in several synchrotrons as a user and as staff using i nfrared spectroscopy and X-ray microscopy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T154500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9334@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Diana E. Bedolla (International Center for Genetic E ngineering and Biotechnology)\nFor most of my studies and research\, I hav e been doing experiments in different synchrotrons. Synchrotrons are facil ities where the main interest is to generate light at different frequencie s\, from X-ray to IR\, and use the light to investigate matter. The main t echniques I have worked on\, is Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy an d X-ray microscopy and fluorescence. These two techniques measure chemical and elemental composition of matter. In order to obtain high resolution o r brightness\, synchrotron light is required. Nevertheless\, the access to these infrastructures is difficult because of limited time and resources. I have mainly worked at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste in Italy\, although I have had experiences in other synchrotrons. In this presentation\, I will show different modalities of access to Elettra and other facilities\, tha t can be used by international applicants for a particular measurement\, o r for training purposes.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contribut ions/9334/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9334/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Quantifying trace metal stoichiometry of marine microalgae by sync hrotron x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SXRF) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T153000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T154500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9332@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Laura Sofen (Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences)\ nIron and other trace metals are essential micronutrients for marine phyto plankton. The availability of these minerals varies seasonally and spatial ly\, and one or more metals is the primary limiting nutrient in about one third of the global ocean. Synchrotron x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SX RF) enables simultaneous quantification of multiple elements in individual microalgal (phytoplankton) cells. Chemically preserved microalgae are map ped at submicron resolution to measure biomass proxies (S\, P)\, structura l elements (Si)\, and trace metals (Mn\, Fe\, Co\, Ni\, Cu\, Zn). These me asurements have been used to quantify the biogenic component of particulat e iron pools and to compare physiological trace metal requirements of diff erent taxa. This talk will cover practical aspects of sample collection an d SXRF analysis as well as brief vignettes of trace metal biogeochemistry informed by these measurements.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/co ntributions/9332/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9332/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Exploration of the deep Earth water cycle: a collaboration of firs t-principles calculations and synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T151500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T153000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9329@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jun Tsuchiya (Geodynamics Research Center\, Ehime Un iversity)\nWater at the Earth's surface is believed to be transported into the Earth's interior by hydrous minerals. Until recently\, however\, hydr ous minerals were not thought to persist at the extremely high-pressure co nditions of the Earth's lower mantle (e.g.\, 23-120 GPa). In recent years\ , hydrous phases such as phase H (MgSiO4H2)\, pyrite-type FeOOH\, and delt a-AlOOH have been found to be thermodynamically stable at lower mantle pre ssures. First-principles studies have played an essential role in identify ing these new phases and determining their geophysical properties (compres sibility\, elastic modulus\, sound velocity\, etc.)\, as well as providing the necessary parameters required to support the experimental identificat ion of these high-pressure polymorphs using synchrotron radiation experime nts. First-principles calculations suggest that the hydrous minerals stabl e at lower mantle pressure conditions (i.e.\, phase H\, FeOOH\, and AlOOH phases) all have symmetric hydrogen bonds. This suggests that the strength of hydrogen bonds is closely related to the stability and physical proper ties of hydrous minerals under pressure. This presentation summarizes rece nt theoretical and experimental studies of hydrous minerals that are stabl e at extreme pressures with a focus on the important role of hydrogen bond ing [1]. This abstract is one of contributions from Commission of Physics of Minerals (CPM)\, International Mineralogical Association (IMA).\n\nRefe rences\n\n[1] J. Tsuchiya and E. C. Thompson\, Progress in Earth and Plane tary Science 9\, 63\, 10 (2023).\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/c ontributions/9329/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9329/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:New opportunities on the studies of matter at extreme conditions i n the ESRF-EBS DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T133000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T134500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9333@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gaston Garbarino (ESRF)\nIn the last decades\, we ha ve witnessed an unprecedented surge in high-pressure research that has gre atly improved our fundamental understanding of materials under high compre ssion. The X-ray investigations of matter under extreme conditions has bec ome one of the major activities at the ESRF and other 3rd generation synch rotron sources. The array of techniques includes X ray diffraction\, Inela stic X-ray Scattering\, Nuclear Inelastic Scattering\, X ray absorption an d emission spectroscopy\, X ray magnetic circular dichroism\, X-ray Compto n scattering\, X-ray magnetic scattering\, among many others. As a direct consequence\, many scientific breakthroughs have been achieved across fiel ds ranging from fundamental physics to Earth and planetary sciences\, chem istry and materials research\, and extending into biophysics/biochemistry including questions concerning life and biological function under extreme conditions. Since August 2020\, the new ESRF-EBS (extremely brilliant sour ce) opened to the user community a new generation of synchrotron light sou rce with unprecedented characteristics. In particular\, the crystallograph y beamlines dedicated to the studies of materials under extreme conditions (ID15B and ID27) benefit enormously of the beam focusing capabilities and the coherent fraction. \nIn this presentation\, the new capabilities avai lable on ID15B and ID27\, very recently reconstructed\, will be presented. Also\, the strengthen of the user support capabilities on the High-pressu re laboratory allow to prepare the most challenging crystallographic studi es under extreme pressure (P<2Mbar) and temperature (3K\n\nhttps://events. saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9333/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9333/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Finnish Synchrotron Radiation User Organisation (FSRUO) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T164500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T170000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9344@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Simo J Huotari (Finnish Synchrotron Radiation User Organisation (FSRUO))\nThe Finnish Synchrotron Light Source Community pres ents an overview of their community\, its science and their roadmap toward s a light source\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/934 4/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9344/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Status of Hefei light source II\, a recently constructed IR-FEL\, and the new 4th generation diffraction limited storage ring DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T163000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T164500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9343@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Heten Li (National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (China))\nStatus of Hefei light source II\, a recently constructed IR-FEL\ , and the new 4th generation diffraction limited storage ring\n\nhttps://e vents.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9343/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9343/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The influence of cation disorder on the mineral physics of ankerit e: new HP synchrotron X-ray diffraction data DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T133000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T134500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9327@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Azzurra Zucchini (Department of Physics and Geology\ , University of Perugia (Italy))\n1.Introduction and methodology\n\nCarbon ates are the most important carbon (C) – bearing minerals being key phas es in the Earth’s carbon cycle. \nThe most abundant carbonates in nature are the rhombohedral calcite (CaCO3 - space group R-3c)\, magnesite (MgCO 3 - space group R-3c) and dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2 - space group R-3]. Ankerit e [Ca(Mg1-xFex)(CO3)2\, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7] is isostructural with dolomite an d the Mg substitution by Fe has important effects on the high pressure (HP ) behavior of the mineral\, in terms of compressibility\, structural stabi lity and thermoelastic properties (e.g.\, [1]). In natural occurring R-3 c arbonates\, cations distribute in alternated layers (ordered crystal struc tures). At high temperature conditions cations start to randomly distribut e among cationic sites giving rise to disordered crystal structures [2][3] . Structural parameters such as chemical composition and cation disorder s trongly influence the carbonate’s stability under non ambient conditions . Synchrotron single crystal X-ray Diffraction experiments were carried ou t at the ID-15B beamline at ESRF (Grenoble\, France) up to approximately 2 3 GPa\, in order to study the HP behavior of ordered (hereafter ank-ord) a nd disordered (hereafter ank-dis) ankerite\, eventually locate the occurre nce of phase transition\, and analyze the influence of disorder on the ank erite mineral physics. Collected data were treated to study the crystal st ructure evolution as well as the compressibility behavior of the analyzed samples.\n\n2.Results\n\nThe crystal structure refinements of both ank-ord and ank-dis at increasing P showed that ank-ord undergoes phase transitio n to ankerite-II (hereafter ank-II) in the P range 12-13.5 GPa. Upon phase transition\, the coordination number of Ca increases from 6 to 8 and the space group varies from R-3 to P-1\, in analogy with dolomite-II [4]. The ank-ord crystal structure regularizes with increasing P up to phase transi tion and\, after that\, distortion strongly increases\, i.e.\, ank-II is s trongly deformed with respect to ank-ord. Ank-dis regularizes too as P inc reases\, reaching full regularization at approximately 19 GPa. However\, n o phase transition was observed up to the highest analyzed P. Disordering has a small but significant influence on the compressibility of ankerite\, being ank-dis less compressible than ank-ord. After the phase transition\ , compressibility of ankerite drastically changes and ank-II is considerab ly less compressible than ank-ord and shows almost uncompressible MgO6 oct ahedra. In all the three crystal structures\, the a parameter has the lowe st compressibility and it even expands in ank-II (Fig 1). This behavior is strictly related to the observed increase in γ angle as P increases (Fig . 1)\, that is a consequence of the shear of cation layers in the (0 1 -1) plane (Fig. 2). \n[Fig. 1: Pressure dependence of cell parameters for ank -ord\, ank-II and ank-dis. ][5]\n[Fig. 2: Cystal structure of ank-II at 21 .97 GPa.][6]\n\n3.References\n\n[1] S. Chariton\, C. McCammon\, D.M. Vasiu kov\, et al.\, and L. Dubrovinsky. Am. Mineral. 105 (2020) 325-332.\n[2] A . Zucchini\, P. Comodi\, A. Katerinopoulou\, T. Balic-Zunic\, C. McCammon\ , F. Frondini. Phys. Chem. Miner. 39 (2012) 319-328.\n[3] A. Zucchini\, M. Prencipe\, P.Comodi\, F.Frondini. CALPHAD 38 (2012) 177-184.\n[4] M. Merli ni\, W.A. Crichton\, M. Hanfland\, et al.\, and L. Dubrovinsky. PNAS 109 ( 2012) 13509-13514.\n\n\n [5]: http://unipg-my.sharepoint.com/:i:/g/person al/azzurra_zucchini_unipg_it/EVDfNgQYj7NDkLt-spzEL04B5SH1zKfp6hIYLJU2VafLQ g?e=bYfrwg\n [6]: https://unipg-my.sharepoint.com/:i:/g/personal/azzurra_ zucchini_unipg_it/Ecp4piT5NtNHjE3eqj8esucBcx_RRNW49OGykNzgf9Mo-g?e=lkgYFn\ n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9327/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9327/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Using X-PEEM and XANES to explore barnacle exoskeleton mineralizat ion DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T133000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T134500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9340@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rebecca Metzler (Colgate University)\nRebecca A Metz ler1\, Sarah Traenkle1\, Edlin Davis1\, Beatriz Orihuela de Diaz2\, Daniel Rittschof2\, and Gary Dickinson3\n\n 1Department of Physics and Astronomy \, Colgate University\, 13 Oak Dr.\, Hamilton\, NY 13346\, USA \n2Duke Uni versity Marine Lab\, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd.\, Beaufort\, NC 28516\, USA\n 3Department of Biology\, The College of New Jersey\, 2000 Pennington Rd.\, Ewing\, NJ 08628\, USA\n\nCorresponding author e-mail address: rmetzler@c olgate.edu\n\n**Introduction** \n\nBarnacles\, such as *Amphibalanus amphi trite* studied here\, are found throughout marine intertidal communities. As adults\, *Amphibalanus amphitrite* have a calcified exoskeleton consist ing of multiple plates: parietal or lateral plates surrounding the body\, a base plate securing the barnacle to its substrate\, and an operculum tha t opens and closes for feeding. However\, barnacles begin life as unminera lized free-floating larvae that then undergo two metamorphoses\, before se ttling onto a substrate\, adhering for life\, ad forming a mineralized exo skeleton. Despite their importance in intertidal communities and the role they play in biofouling\, little is known about the formation process of b arnacles’ exoskeletons. Through the combination of synchrotron based tec hniques x-ray photoemission electron microscopy (X-PEEM) and x-ray absorpt ion near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) with scanning electron micros copy (SEM) we were able to provide an unprecedented view of the early stag es of mineralization within the exoskeletal plates. \n \n**Results**\n\nX- PEEM [1\, 2] and SEM show that 1-day after metamorphosis\, the parietal an d opercular plates have already begun the mineralization process\, with bo th parietal and opercular plates consisting of small calcite crystallites of varied orientation. In comparison\, the parietal and opercular plates o f a 6-day post-metamorphosis barnacle appears to have larger co-oriented c rystalline domains and a thicker mineralized region within the parietal pl ates. These results begin to provide hints to how mineralization progresse s within the barnacle exoskeleton and provides a baseline for on-going exp eriments into how predicted changes in ocean temperature will impact the b arnacle exoskeleton mineralization process. \n\n**References**\n\n[1] C. Y . Sun\, M. A. Marcus\, M. J. Frazier\, A. J. Guiffre\, T. Mass and P. U. P . A. Gilbert. ACS Nano 11 (2017)\, 6612-6622.\n[2] R. A. Metzler\, M. Abre cht\, R. M. Olabisi\, D. Ariosa\, C. J. Johnson\, B. H. Frazer\, S. N. Cop persmith and P. U. P. A. Gilbert. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007) 268102.\n\nht tps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9340/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9340/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A new view of the Inner Core from the primary pressure scale deriv ed from synchrotron X-ray study at high pressure DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T123000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T130000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9324@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Eiji Ohtani (Tohoku University)\nEstablishing pressu re scale has been a subject of intensive research but still involves signi ficant extrapolation and approximations\, especially under the inner core conditions. In order to solve the problem\, we developed techniques to mea sure the sound velocity at high pressure with using Inelastic X-ray scatte ring (IXS). We developed a primary pressure scale extending to the multi-M egabar pressures of the Earth’s core by measuring compressional velocity \, shear velocity\, and density of rhenium with using synchrotron IXS and XRD. Our new pressure scale agrees with previous primary scales below 100 GPa and also shock compression experiments\, but it is significantly diffe rent from previous secondary pressure scales at Earth’s core pressures: previous scales have overestimated\, by at least 20%\, laboratory pressure s at 230 GPa. Our new pressure scale suggests the density deficit of the i nner core is doubling the light-element contents [1].\nThis abstract is on e of contributions from Commission of Physics of Minerals (CPM)\, Internat ional Mineralogical Association (IMA).\n\nReference:\n[1] Ikuta et al. (20 23) Science Advances 9\, eadh8706\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/ contributions/9324/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9324/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:SESAME BM02-IR Microspectroscopy beamline: a plethora of opportuni ties DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T123000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T130000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9293@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gihan Kamel (SESAME Light Source)\nAccelerators-base d sources are super microscopes implementing various sets of experimental techniques those are powerful enough to reveal the most vital details abou t matter. They can shed light on invisible particulars in physics\, chemis try\, biology\, pharmaceuticals and biomedicine\, environment and material s science. \n\nThe high brightness delivered by these sources allows to co mpensate for some of the restrictions imposed by conventional sources. Amo ng these\, Synchrotron Radiation Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectrosc opy\, SR-FTIRµ\, which is extensively used in cultural heritage and archa eological samples’ investigations. This is because of the distinguished benefits of the lateral resolution offered by SR-FTIR which is reflected a s improved data quality regardless of the roughness and the heterogeneity of the samples\, better signal-to-noise ratio\, and short data acquisition time. \n\nIn this regard\, the Synchrotron-light for Experimental Scienc e and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME) stands as a major scientifi c hub for archaeological and heritage domains being the only synchrotron l ight facility in the Middle East and its neighboring regions. It is an int ergovernmental organization aims at promoting advanced research capabiliti es and technology and considered as the region’s bridge to peace and mut ual understanding. It is the first facility of its kind in the region\, an d its current Members are: Cyprus\, Egypt\, Iran\, Israel\, Jordan\, Pakis tan\, Palestine and Türkiye. The SESAME BM02-IR Microspectroscopy beamlin e was implemented in the framework of a partnership agreement between SESA ME and the SOLEIL Synchrotron facility in France. It came into operation i n November 2018 to serve users of the infrared scientific community. The b eamline utilises both edge and constant field radiation presenting a power ful tool for a variety of research fields based on the identification and imaging of IR-active vibrational modes of molecular components at microsco pic scale. \n\nHerein\, examples in the domains of life sciences\, archaeo logy\, cultural heritage\, water pollution\, and pharma\, will be highligh ted.\n\nIn addition\, with the challenges that the Middle East and Africa are similarly facing\, a special highlight will be presented on the role that SESAME plays as a model for the African community.\n\nhttps://events. saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9293/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9293/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Exploring grain-scale chemistry of African meteorites using Synchr otron X-ray Fluorescence Microprobes DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T154500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9330@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Paul Northrup (Stony Brook University)\nA large frac tion of all the meteorites recovered on Earth’s surface are found in Afr ica. These include carbonaceous chondrites\, samples of primitive materi al from the early Solar System that include prebiotic organic compounds an d essential nutrients for the development and sustenance of life. There a re also rock fragments from the Moon and from Mars\, the latter being the only physical samples from our planetary neighbor that we currently have f or study. These reveal important aspects of planet formation and differen tiation processes. \n Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microprobes pr ovide an excellent -- and generally non-destructive -- set of element-spec ific tools for microscale characterization of chemistry in these rare samp les\, and provide a wealth of information about the formation and early ev olution of the Solar System. Elemental maps of sample sections and surfac es reveal the distributions\, co-locations\, and host phases of most eleme nts heavier than Na. By scanning the incident beam energy across an eleme nt’s absorption edge\, microscale X-ray absorption spectroscopy can reve al an element’s local-scale oxidation state\, chemical speciation\, and local structure\, in both crystalline and non-crystalline phases.\nExample s will be presented that include Northwest Africa 11288\, which is a Marti an meteorite consisting of a highly shocked igneous rock\, and Northwest A frica 12748\, which is a CM2 carbonaceous chondrite. Other African meteor ites including a CV3 and a lunar meteorite will be shown.\n\nhttps://event s.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9330/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9330/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:FinEstBeAMS: a beamline for atmospheric and materials sciences at MAX IV Laboratory DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T151500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T154500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9326@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Antti Kivimäki (Lund University)\nBeamline \n\nFinE stBeAMS [1] – Finnish-Estonian Beamline for Atmospheric and Materials Sc iences – is located at the 1.5 GeV storage ring at MAX IV Laboratory in Lund\, Sweden. It has mainly been financed by Finnish and Estonian researc h consortiums\, but any researchers can apply for beamtime at the beamline . FinEstBeAMS receives synchrotron radiation from an elliptically polarizi ng undulator (EPU) and monocromatizes it with a plane grating monochromato r using collimated light (cPGM). The operation range of the beamline is ex ceptionally large: it covers photon energies 4.5-1300 eV\, thus extending from ultraviolet to soft X-rays. Another defining characteristic of FinEst BeAMS is that the EPU can deliver linearly polarized radiation in differen t directions (horizontal\, vertical\, inclined) as well as left- and right -circularly polarized radiation. Horizontal and vertical linear polarizati ons have been used in experiments. The development of other polarizations is under progress. \n \nEnd stations\n\nFinEstBeAMS has three dedicated en d stations that are or can be installed at two branch lines: a gas-phase e nd station (GPES) [2]\, a photoluminescence end station (PLES) [3]\, and a solid-state end station (SSES) [4]. The GPES was designed for coincidence measurements between energy-resolved electrons and ions\, but it can also be used for stand-alone electron spectroscopy and ion time-of-flight (TOF ) spectroscopy. Different sources such as a cluster source and an aerosol sample delivery system (ASDS) can be coupled to the GPES. The PLES is used in optical spectroscopy to collect emission spectra in the wavelength ran ge 200-1350 nm and excitation spectra in the operation range of the beamli ne\, while allowing the temperature of samples to be varied from 10 K to 3 00 K. The GPES and PLES nowadays share one of the branches (Branch A). The SSES is a newer end station\, which\, due to its complexity\, is permanen tly installed at the other branch (Branch B). It was designed as a high-th roughput apparatus for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)\, angle-reso lves photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS).\n\nAerosol sample delivery system\n\nWe have recently developed the ASDS to study aerosol and free nanoparticles using X-ray photoelectron sp ectroscopy. Its main components are an aerodynamic lens and a source chamb er\, which is pumped by turbomolecular pumps. The source chamber is connec ted to the GPES via a skimmer\, which has a conical shape and a small aper ture (1.0-1.5 mm). The ASDS enables the delivery of a continuous flow of a n aerosol from atmospheric pressure to vacuum in the shape of a narrow bea m of free flying particles (Figure 1). It facilitates XPS studies of aeros ol particles in-flight without prior deposition. In the commissioning stag e\, the ASDS was used to study sea salt aerosol particles\, which are comp osed of complex mixtures of organic and inorganic compounds\, as well as e ngineered nanoparticles ablated from Sn\, Cu\, Pd and Zn electrodes. The A SDS was made available to general users in autumn 2023. The first two user experiments focused on model atmospheric organic-salt aerosol particle mi xtures and on the role of alkali metals in soot formation. \nReferences\n \n[1] K. Chernenko et al\, J. Synchrotron Rad. 28 (2021) 1620.\n[2] K. Koo ser et al\, J. Synchrotron Rad. 27 (2020) 1080.\n[3] V. Pankratov et al\, Radiation Meas. 121 (2019) 91.\n[4] W. Wang et al\, J. Phys. Conf. Series 2380 (2022) 012048.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/ 9326/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9326/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:African Ministers of Science Forum and STF Discussion DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T163000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T170000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9339@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lawrence Norris (National Society of Black Physicist s)\nMinisterial representatives of several African Countries discuss scien ce on the continent and the role of the Advanced Light Source.\nCombined w ith\nStrategic Task Force discussion\nAll of these issues have a Pan-Afric an or regional African character.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/ contributions/9339/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9339/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:STF - African Regional Infrastructure DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T154500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9303@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Diouma Kobor (University Assane Seck of Ziguinchor)\ nThis is research infrastructure that is highly competitive in its own rig ht but which is also seen as an important training and feeder infrastructu re to an AdLS. Current examples are the OpenLabs started in in several Af rican countries together with the IUCr\, XTechLab in Benin and the Sir Aar on Klugg Bioscience Facility in Capetown.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/ev ent/243/contributions/9303/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9303/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Pan African and Ministerial perspectives DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T151500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T154500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9338@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nkem Khumbah (AAS)\nPan African and Ministerial pers pectives\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9338/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9338/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The Photon Factory: Some XAFS studies and a message for Africa DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T123000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9312@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Hitoshi Abe (Photon Factory (PF)\, Institute of Mate rials Structure Science (IMSS)\, High Energy Accelerator Research Organiza tion (KEK))\nThe Institute of Materials Structure Science is one of the in stitutes in KEK\, and runs a synchrotron facility\, Photon Factory (PF)\, where two synchrotron rings\, PF and PF-AR (Advanced Ring) are operated. PF is operated with the beam energy of 2.5 GeV. PF-AR with 6.5 GeV or 5. 0GeV provides higher energy regions. There are about 50 end stations incl uding 6 x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) beamlines: 9A\, 9C\, 12C\, 15A1\, NW2A and NW10A.\n XAFS is one of the most demanded methods at syn chrotrons and is applied to study a wide variety of materials such as cata lysts\, batteries\, functional oxides\, semiconductors\, minerals and envi ronmental samples. XAFS is usually divided into characteristic two region s\, x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended x-ray absorp tion fine structure (EXAFS). XANES is the region of the spectrum from jus t below the absorption edge to ~50-70 eV above the edge. EXAFS is the oth er higher energy region above XANES and analysed to investigate local stru ctures of elements of interest. We will share a couple of XAFS studies pe rformed at our facility. In addition\, I would suggest potential topics t o be studied at the AfLS in the context of natural resources in Africa and some issues.\n Finaly\, I would like to share my story on the AfLS proj ect. I have been involved in the AfLS project since 2015\, when I met Pro f. Herman Winick at an international conference held in New York. In the same year of 2015\, the first AfLS conference was held at ESRF\, Grenoble\ , France. Dr. Francesco Sette\, Director General of ESRF\, gave impressiv e words in his speech\, “Science is Peace”. A faculty and student tea m from the Botswana International University of Science & Technology (BIUS T) visited us in 2017. They stayed for a month\, performed XRD experiment s\, and published a paper very soon. We are happy to accept another team to learn and to perform synchrotron experiments.\n\nhttps://events.saip.or g.za/event/243/contributions/9312/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9312/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:AfCA : Introduction update and working towards the AfLS DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T140000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231117T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9300@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gift Mehlana (Zimbabwe Chemical Society)\nAfCA : Int roduction update and working towards the AfLS\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.z a/event/243/contributions/9300/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9300/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A structural biology approach to win the fight against infectious diseases DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T123000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T130000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9323@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Emmanuel Nji (BioStruct-Africa)\nStructural biology clarifies the molecular basis of disease processes\, guides the rational d esign of new drugs and vaccines\, and improves existing therapeutics. Few Africa-based scientists are trained in structural biology. BioStruct-Afric a develops Africa-based structural biologists by organizing workshops onsi te at our partner institutions and universities in Africa\, followed by on line mentoring of the participants to ensure sustainable capacity building (J. Synchrotron Rad. 26\, 1843-1850 and Biology Open 11\, bio059487). \nI will present the significance of structural biology for Africa and\, in a ddition\, the recent advances and future perspectives of BioStruct-Africa. \n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9323/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9323/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Coral reef formation from nanometers to kilometers DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T130000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T133000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9280@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Pupa Gilbert (University of Wisconsin-Madison and La wrence Berkeley National Laboratory)\nCoral reefs cover only 1% of ocean f loors\, yet they host 25% of all known marine species. This incredible bio diversity is sheltered by the 3D structure of coral skeletons. My group an d I revealed that corals form their skeletons by attachment of amorphous c alcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticles[1]\, then fill interstitial spaces by ion attachment[2]. Polarization-dependent Imaging Contrast mapping (PIC m apping) revealed that subsequent crystallization starts as randomly orient ed aragonite (CaCO3) nanocrystals\, termed sprinkles\, which coarsen and b ecome radially oriented acicular crystals termed spherulites[3-5]. This is Nature’s 3D printing4! The resulting space-filling\, solid\, isotropic structure grows slowly (0.5-5.0 cm/year) to form m-km coral reefs visible from outer space. \nUnexpected nanostructures were revealed by PIC mapping in other completely different biominerals\, mollusk shell nacre[6] and hu man tooth enamel[7]. In both cases the slight misorientation of adjacent n anocrystals plays an important role in toughening the biomineral[5]\, prov iding it with better function\, and thus providing an evolutionary advanta ge to the forming animal. \n\n1 T Mass\, AJ Giuffre\, C-Y Sun\, CA Stifler \, MJ Frazier\, M Neder\, N Tamura\, CV Stan\, MA Marcus\, PUPA Gilbert. A morphous calcium carbonate particles form coral skeletons. Procs Natl Acad Sci 114\, E7670-E7678 (2017). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.17078901 14\n2 C-Y Sun\, CA Stifler\, RV Chopdekar\, CA Schmidt\, G Parida\, V Scho eppler\, BI Fordyce\, JH Brau\, T Mass\, S Tambutté\, PUPA Gilbert. From particle attachment to space-filling coral skeletons Procs Natl Acad Sci 117\, 30159-30170 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012025117\n3 C-Y Sun\, L Gránásy\, CA Stifler\, T Zaquin\, RV Chopdekar\, N Tamura\, JC Weaver\, JAY Zhang\, S Goffredo\, G Falini\, MA Marcus\, T Pusztai\, V Schoeppler\, T Mass\, PUPA Gilbert. Crystal nucleation and growth of spher ulites demonstrated by coral skeletons and phase-field simulations. Acta B iomater 120\, 277-292 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2020. 06.027\n4 C-Y Sun\, MA Marcus\, MJ Frazier\, AJ Giuffre\, T Mass\, PU Gilb ert. Spherulitic growth of coral skeletons and synthetic aragonite: Nature ’s three-dimensional printing. ACS Nano 11\, 6612–6622 (2017). DOI: h ttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.7b00127 \n5 AJ Lew\, CA Stifler\, A Tits\, CA Schmidt\, A Scholl\, A Cantamessa\, L Müller\, Y Delaunois\, P Compère\, D Ruffoni\, MJ Buehler\, PUPA Gilbert. A Molecular Scale Unde rstanding of Misorientation Toughening in Corals and Seashells. Adv Mater 35\, 2300373 (2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202300373\n6 PUPA Gilbert\, KD Bergmann\, CE Myers\, MA Marcus\, RT DeVol\, C-Y Sun\, AZ Blo nsky\, E Tamre\, J Zhao\, EA Karan\, N Tamura\, S Lemer\, AJ Giuffre\, G G iribet\, JM Eiler\, AH Knoll. Nacre tablet thickness records formation tem perature in modern and fossil shells. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 460\, 281-292 (2017). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.012\n7 E Beniash\, CA Stifler\, C-Y Sun\, GS Jung\, Z Qin\, MJ Buehler\, PUPA Gil bert. The hidden structure of human enamel Nat Commun 10\, 4383/4381-4313 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12185-7\n\nhttps://events .saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9280/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9280/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:SESAME\, a perspective view DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T143000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T150000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9318@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrea Lausi (SESAME)\nSESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East) is a “third-g eneration” synchrotron light source that was officially opened in Allan (Jordan) on 16 May\, 2017. It is the first synchrotron light source in the Middle East and neighbouring countries\, and also the region’s first ma jor international centre of excellence.\nIt is a cooperative venture by sc ientists and governments of the region set up on the model of CERN (Europe an Organization for Nuclear Research) although it has very different scien tific aims. It was developed under the auspices of UNESCO (United Nations Educational\, Scientific and Cultural Organization) following the formal a pproval given for this by the Organization's Executive Board (164th sessio n\, May 2002).\n\nSESAME is designed with an eye towards sustainability. S ince 26 February 2019\, when SESAME’s solar power plant was inaugurated\ , SESAME is the world’s first large accelerator complex to be fully powe red by renewable energy. Energy efficiency is only one aspect of the conce pt of sustainability\, that extends beyond environmental concerns to inclu de long-term viability\, equitable access\, and capacity for positive soci etal impact. \n\nSESAME provides scientists from the region and wordwide —many of which have limited access to high-quality research facilities —the opportunity to conduct cutting-edge research. This democratization of access contributes to social sustainability by leveling the playing fie ld and facilitating equitable scientific advancements. By bringing togethe r scientists from various countries\, SESAME promotes efficient utilizatio n of intellectual and material resources. Researchers share not just the e quipment but also expertise\, thereby fostering an ecosystem where resourc es are maximized.\n\nSESAME's various educational and training programs ai m to build local and global capacity in scientific research. This human ca pital development is a cornerstone of sustainability\, ensuring that the f acility has a lasting impact beyond immediate research outcomes. \n\nSESAM E advocates for open-access publishing and data sharing\, ensuring that th e benefits of research extend beyond the immediate scientific community. T his enhances the sustainability of the scientific enterprise by broadening its impact and reducing duplication of effort.\n\nThe infrastructure is d esigned to accommodate future technological advancements\, making it adapt able and resilient. In summary\, SESAME serves as a model of sustainable s cientific infrastructure\, embodying principles of environmental stewardsh ip\, social equity\, and long-term viability. Its multi-faceted approach t o sustainability ensures that it will continue to serve as a valuable asse t for the global scientific community for years to come.\n\nhttps://events .saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9318/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9318/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:4th Generation High Energy Synchrotron X-rays at the ESRF: A Pivot al Large-Scale Tool with Socio-Economic Benefits DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T123000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9299@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Michael Krisch (ESRF)\nThe European Synchrotron (ES RF) has recently completed its upgrade to become the world's first fourth- generation high-energy synchrotron X-ray source\, serving nearly 10\,000 r esearchers annually. The ESRF holds a prominent position on the European S trategy Forum for Research Infrastructures Roadmap and is recognised as a central pillar of the European Research Area. The exceptional brilliance a nd unique properties of the ESRF's X-rays open new avenues for scientific research\, leading to emerging applications for a growing user base.\n\nRe cent ground-breaking research conducted at the ESRF has had wide and novel socio-economic impacts. For example\, multiscale imaging of human organs has revealed unprecedented insights into disease mechanisms. These results are accessible through "The Human Organ Atlas" (human-organ-atlas.esrf.eu )\, an open science and FAIR data resource available to all. This resource is being utilised for medical education\, providing valuable insights and improving clinical diagnostics for medical scanners. The ultimate goal is to create a comprehensive micron-scale human model.\n\nOther examples inc lude research on battery safety and design\, utilising ultra-high-speed X- ray radiography and specific containment for real-time destructive battery testing\, as well as high-throughput structural analysis in collaboration with an industrial partner to provide data for materialomics.\n\nWorldwid e\, there are approximately 30 medium and high-energy synchrotrons. Buildi ng on the pioneering work of the ESRF\, more high-brilliance synchrotron s ources are planned globally\, promising further advancements in the remark able science produced by these facilities. Moreover\, many countries and r egions without direct access to a synchrotron are actively pursuing scient ific\, technical\, and socio-economic justifications for establishing such facilities\, recognising their broad utility and impact.\n\nhttps://event s.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9299/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9299/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:AfPS : Opening Address DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T122000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T123000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9317@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ahmadou Wague (African Physical\; Society)\nAfPS : O pening Address\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9317/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9317/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:AfLS : Opening Address DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T121000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T122000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9316@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Simon Connell (University of Johannesburg)\nAfLS : O pening Address\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9316/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9316/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Official Opening DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T121000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9315@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Philip Oluseyi Oladijo (Botswana International Unive rsity of Science and Technology)\nThe Conference organiser officially open s the Conference\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/931 5/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9315/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:ASFAP Discussion DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T145000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T150000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9314@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ketevi Adikle Assamagan (Brookhaven National Laborat ory)\nDiscussion session after presentation on ASFAP\n\nhttps://events.sai p.org.za/event/243/contributions/9314/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9314/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The African Strategy for Physics and Applied Physics DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T143000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T145000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9313@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mounia Laassiri (Mohammed V University)\nThis is the first community driven African Strategy for Physics and Applied Physics. It started in July 2019\, and it is now in the final preparation of the St rategy Document. Scientific and technological achievements have become com monplace. As remarkable as these achievements are for other regions of the world\, enormous challenges and opportunities remain to be addressed in A frica. Although vital for development\, Africa’s science\, innovation\, education and research infrastructure\, particularly in fields such as Fun damental and Applied Physics\, has been over the years under-valued and un der-resourced. The vision is that Africa should take its equal place as a co-leader in the global scientific process\, along with all the social-eco nomic benefits thereto. The necessity of initiating ASFAP has become essen tial for Africa\, hence our ambition and motivation to jump-start this pro cess.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9313/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9313/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy at Synchrotron Light Sou rce DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T143000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T150000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9302@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Prosper Ngabonziza (Louisiana State University)\nAng le-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a widely recognized expe rimental probe to study the electronic band structure of a material. It ha s shown its practical applications in several scientific disciplines such as solid-state and condensed matter physics\, material science and enginee ring\, as well as in surface science. ARPES is based on the photoelectric effect\, in which an incoming photon of sufficient energy ejects an electr on from the surface of a material. ARPES is the most direct method that me asures simultaneously the kinetic energy and the angular distribution (or momentum) of the photoemitted electrons from a sample illuminated by light .\n\nARPES experimental setup is a complex structure consisting of mainly a monochromatic light source to deliver a narrow beam of photons\, a sampl e holder connected to a manipulator used to position the sample of a mater ial\, and an electron spectrometer. Synchrotron radiation or laboratory li ght sources (gas-discharge lamp or laser light source) are used as the inc ident light for ARPES experiments. A synchrotron offers the advantages of covering a wider spectral range with an intense and highly polarized conti nuous spectrum. A laboratory source provides only discrete emission lines of specific elements. Thus\, synchrotron radiation sources\, together with their built-in beamlines\, are superior to laboratory sources because the wide energy range of their photons allows\, for example\, a detailed inve stigation of the valence photoemission spectra. Recent advances in synchro tron science\, instrumentation and data analysis drove a paradigm shift in using ARPES to study novel materials such as quantum materials\, which ha d a huge impact on physics and other scientific fields. \n\nIn this presen tation\, I will discuss some of our recent ARPES studies on quantum materi als and correlated electron systems that were done at synchrotron light so urce. Lastly\, I will discuss how an ARPES beamlines at AfLS could potenti ally be leading tools pushing the frontier of solid-state and condensed ma tter physics\, material science and engineering researches\; thus helping to set the intellectual agenda by testing new ideas and making discoveries that will be done on the African continent.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za /event/243/contributions/9302/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9302/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:How can countries of the Global South get a fair deal out of membe rship and participation in Big Science projects? DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T140000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231113T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9311@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anna-Lena Rüland (Leiden University\, NL)\nIn rece nt years\, established Big Science organizations in the Global North\, suc h as the particle physics facility CERN or the synchrotron facility ESRF\, became increasingly internationalized\, both in terms of the involved res earchers and the participating countries. At the same time\, more and more large Big Science projects emerge in regions where until recently no or v ery few Big Science projects existed. Although countries like India or Sou th Africa are currently rendering the Global South increasingly visible in Big Science collaborations\, so far\, there is little research on their r ole in these projects. \n\n- Which objectives do emerging powers of the Gl obal South pursue in Big Science projects?\n- Under which conditions are t hey likely to achieve their objectives?\n- And to what extent does the ins titutional set-up of Big Science collaborations reinforce or diminish Nort h-South asymmetries in science\, technology and politics? \n\nIn this pres entation we will shed light on these questions and provide three policy re commendations that outline strategies for countries of the Global South to maximize their benefits from participating in Big Science collaborations. The presentation is based on the findings and policy recommendations of a study that analyzed the participation of emerging powers of the Global So uth in four different Big Science collaborations: the European Organizatio n for Nuclear Research\, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reac tor\, the Square Kilometer Array and the African Light Source Project.\n\n \nReferences\n\nRüland A.N.\, Rüffin N.\, Cramer K.\, Ngabonziza P.\, Sa xena M. & Skupien S. (2023)\, Science diplomacy from the Global South: the case of intergovernmental science organizations\, Science and Public Poli cy: scad024.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9311/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9311/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:ASESMA: the second decade and its role in new initiatives for scie ntific research DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T140000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9281@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Richard Martin (University of Illinois)\nThe African School of Electronic Structure Methods and Applications (ASESMA) has buil t up a network of researchers across Africa with expertise in an area that is now an essential part of research. The focus on computational methods and applications of electronic structure was chosen because it is an impor tant field that is narrow enough to build up a network for joint work and collaboration\, yet broad enough to span the range from fundamental physic s to applications in materials science\, chemistry\, biology and many othe r fields. It is supported by ICTP and other sources and endorsed by IUPAP as a 10-year series of workshops 2010-2020 and renewed for a second decad e until 2030. The schools have been held in 5 countries with participants from 29 countries across Africa\, and it has led to a number of active res earch groups\, mini-ASESMA meetings on special topics and the US Africa In itiative on Electronic Structure (USAfrI) funded by the American Physical Society. \nWhat is the role of ASESMA for initiatives like The African L ight Source? Almost every aspect: a network of scientists with expertise ready for combined theory/experiment collaborations that are essential in all modern research\; bringing together scientists in physics\, chemistry \, materials science and other disciplines\; connections to the global com munity\; and more. What is the justification for such bold claims? This ta lk is about ASESMA\, the science\, and examples of projects that led to wo rk at light sources in the US and Europe.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/ev ent/243/contributions/9281/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9281/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Scientific and Societal Impact of Synchrotron Light Sources DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T143000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T150000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9288@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Qun Shen (Brookhaven National Laboratory)\nEver sinc e the first dedicated light source facilities in the 1980’s\, synchrotro n light sources have been developing rapidly around the world. These light sources essentially extend our human vision and allow us to see and inves tigate tiny things from microstructures to molecules and atoms\, in many c ases in-situ and under operating conditions. Such research activities have made substantial scientific and technological impacts in such critical ar eas as clean energy\, microelectronics\, quantum information\, advanced ma nufacturing\, bio-preparedness\, and the environment. In addition to the d irect impacts\, the light sources also provide significant indirect broade r impacts to our society. These impacts are reflected in business and econ omic impact to the local community\, promoting high-quality education and workforce training and development\, and encouraging people working togeth er in a naturally diverse and inclusive light source environment. National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is a bright synchrotron facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island\, NY. It provides stable a nd intense photon beams\, from infrared to hard X-rays\, experimental capa bilities\, and data infrastructure to enable multiscale\, multimodal\, hig h-resolution studies on diverse systems of materials. In this presentation \, I will go through a few research and activity examples from NSLS-II to illustrate their scientific\, technological\, and societal impacts. Nation al Synchrotron Light Source II is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Brookh aven National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-SC0012704.\n\nhttps://event s.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9288/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9288/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Elettra - Machine and Science Highlights\, a message for Africa DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T154500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T161500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9309@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Giorgio Paolucci ()\nElettra - Machine and Science Highlights\, a message for Africa\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/ contributions/9309/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9309/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:An overview of the Munich CLS DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T151500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T154500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9308@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Franz Pfeiffer (Technical University of Munich)\nThe Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS) is an inverse-Compton scattering sour ce and consists of an electron storage ring and a passive bow-tie laser re sonator. The X-ray energy varies between 15 keV and 35 keV with a flux up to 1.5⋅10^10 ph/s. Examples of the experiments that can be performed in clude dynamic in vivo respiratory imaging\, propagation-based phase-contra st imaging\, grating-based phase-contrast imaging\, X-ray microtomography\ , K-edge subtraction imaging and X-ray spectroscopy.\n\nhttps://events.sai p.org.za/event/243/contributions/9308/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9308/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Sirius Light Source - machine and Science highlights and a message for Africa DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T140000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9292@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Harry Westfahl (LNLS)\nThe Machine and Science highl ights of the Sirius Light Source and a message for Africa\n\nhttps://event s.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9292/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9292/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:LATAM Synchrotron in the Greater Caribbean and AfLS DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T123000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231116T124500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9278@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Galileo Violini (Centro Internacional de Física\, B ogotá)\nThe project of a second Larin American Synchrotron in the Caribbe an and its connection with that of AfLS for what concerns implementation s trategy and joint acitions of local training will be discussed\n\nhttps:// events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9278/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9278/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Status and Capabilities of INDUS-2 at Raja Ramanna Centre for Adva nced Technology DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T140000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9295@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tapas Ganguli (Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Te chnology )\n.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9295/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9295/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Africa Bioimaging Consortium - Strengthening the microscopy commun ity in Africa DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T130000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231115T133000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9285@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Caron Jacobs (UCT - Disease and Molecular Medicine a nd Wellcome-CIDRI)\nThe African BioImaging Consortium (ABIC) was founded a s a catalyst to empower and grow life science research in Africa by addres sing needs for training\, education\, and accessibility of microscopy tech nologies. As a community-driven and community-guided initiative\, ABIC see ks to expand the role microscopy plays in biomedical research on the conti nent — helping embrace imaging approaches in solving research questions of importance to the African continent. As a centralized hub\, the ABIC ne twork provides an opportunity for African biologists\, microscopists\, and data scientists to foster new partnerships and form a unified voice of th e community.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9285/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9285/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:New beamlines for Siam Photon Source-II in Thailand DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T163000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T170000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9287@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chanan Euaruksakul ()\nSiam Photon Source-II is a ne w low-emittance synchrotron storage ring that is planned to be built in Th ailand. There will be seven Phase-I beamlines for the construction project . In this talk\, I will present the selection of the beamlines\, their tec hnical details and how the new capabilities from them will benefit the cur rent and future academic and industrial users in Thailand and from around the world.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9287/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9287/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:LAAAMP : Lightsources for Africa\, Asia\, Americas\, Middle East a nd Pacific DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T160000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T163000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9298@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sekazi Mtingwa (Massachusetts Institute of Technolog y &\; Brookhaven National Laboratory&\; African Laser Centre)\nThe p roject LAAAMP was started in 2016 by the International Science Council (IS C) through a grant awarded to the joint IUPAP-IUCr project entitled Utilis ation of Light Source and Crystallographic Sciences to Facilitate the Enha ncement of Knowledge and Improve the Economic and Social Conditions in Tar geted Regions of the World. Aim of the project is to enhance Advanced Ligh t Sources (AdLS) and crystallographic sciences in Africa\, Mexico\, the Ca ribbean\, South America\, Central and Southeast Asia\, Middle East and the Pacific Islands.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/92 98/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9298/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Watching real materials in real devices with the atomic pair distr ibution function (PDF) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T130000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T133000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9279@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Simon Billinge (Columbia University)\nNanoparticles\ , nanoporous materials and nanostructured bulk materials are at the heart of next generation technological solutions in sustainable energy\, effecti ve new pharmaceuticals and environmental remediation. A key to making pro gress is to be able to understand the nanoparticle structure\, the arrange ments of atoms in the nanoparticles and nanoscale structures. Also critica l is understanding the distribution of the nanoparticles and how they chan ge in time as devices run and reactions take place. We use advanced x-ray \, neutron and electron scattering methods to get at this problem. I will talk about these methods and show some recent success-stories in the fiel ds of sustainable energy\, environmental remediation and cultural heritage preservation. However\, I will also discuss the fundamental limitations on our ability to extract information from the data and how we are now tur ning to machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques to give mo re insights.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9279/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9279/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The role of synchrotrons in African Bio-science? DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20231114T123000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260515T023028Z UID:indico-contribution-243-9284@events.saip.org.za DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Thandeka Moyo (National Institute for Communicable D iseases)\nStructural information obtained at synchrotrons and cry-EMs at u p to the atomic level of resolution for even large macro-molecular biomole cules helps to elucidate the function of the bio system. One can identify drug targets or similar medical interventions. This inspires the design of new drugs. Africa should lead research of this nature finding cures for diseases\, especially if these are of particular relevance to Africa. Sync hrotrons are extremely important facilities for the imaging of bio-molecul es and therefore for initiating the pathway to the development of vaccines .\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9284/ LOCATION: URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/243/contributions/9284/ END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR