The optoelectronic oscillators (OEO) consist of closed-loop oscillators characterized by an optical path with local nonlinearity and a linear frequency-filtered electrical path. This para-digmatic system is an ideal benchmark for the investigation of delay-based infinite-dimensional systems, which provide a higher complexity than low-dimensional nonlinear systems. The OEOs find their numerous...
The quality of the beam from a single-mode laser is higher compared to that of other multi-mode lasers due to its operating process, which is based on a single transverse resonating system. Its beam quality factor, i.e., M2, is less than 1.03, so the relation between the ridge width of this laser and the size of the core of the fiber is important for the successful signal transmission.
Due...
Komatiites and picrites are ultramafic volcanic rocks characterized by high magnesium oxide content (15 – 32 wt.%) that mostly erupted throughout the Archean and Proterozoic eras globally. Their production is a contentious topic, with models proposing extensive volatile-free partial melting of mantle peridotite and the melting of hydrous mantle as potential mechanisms. Additionally, numerous...
Introduction
Subduction of oceanic lithosphere fluxes the mantle wedge with carbonate and hydrous fluids, thus commencing the crustal recycling process, which results in mantle heterogeneity. The melting of the subducted slab and the mantle wedge generates arc magmas. Arc magmas are enriched in incompatible trace elements relative to MORB, reflecting contributions from subducted...
Controlling how metals solidify is a key challenge in thermal engineering and materials processing, since it directly shapes the microstructure, mechanical strength, and overall quality of the final product. In this study, we explore the impact of natural convection on the solidification of pure tin metal inside a quasi-2D trapezoidal cavity. The horizontal walls of the trapezoidal cavity are...
