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SUMMARY:Baseline Groundwater Hydrochemistry and Aquifer Connectivity of th
 e Eastern Cape Karoo Prior to the Proposed Hydraulic Fracturing of Shale G
 as
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141001T091000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141001T092000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20261006T154556Z
UID:indico-contribution-3999@events.saip.org.za
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Moipone Precious (obo Divan Stroebel) Mokoena (AEON 
 - NMMU)\nThe anticipated exploration and exploitation of Karoo Shale Gas h
 as raised considerable debate about the benefits and risks associated with
  this process for both the Karoo\, and the country as a whole. Focus has b
 een placed on the potential impact of hydraulic fracturing on ecological\,
  environmental and especially its scarce water resources. The Karoo region
  is highly dependent on groundwater as an important water resource and it 
 will become increasingly so. Thus\, groundwater management and the sustain
 ability thereof are of prime importance.\nThis research will aim to hydroc
 hemically characterise both the shallow groundwater (<300m) and deeper sal
 ine groundwater in the vicinity of the Shale Gas bearing formations\, base
 d on major and trace elements\, as well as gas isotope analyses. Sampling 
 will include water sampling and gas measurements from shallow boreholes (<
 300m)\, SOEKOR drillholes (oil exploration holes drilled in the 60’s and
  70’s up to 4km deep) and thermal springs (source of water >500m).\nTo-d
 ate\, a desktop study includes the collation of information determining th
 e areas with the highest potential for Shale Gas Exploration throughout th
 e Eastern Cape Karoo. All recorded boreholes obtained from online database
 s of the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) have been spatially visualised 
 in these areas. A Hydrocensus will follow\, during which downhole electric
 al conductivity profiling of the water column will be recorded. Borehole s
 election will be finalised from the acquired information. These boreholes 
 will be sampled a minimum of three times which will occur after summer (Ap
 ril/May) and winter (October/November).  The sampling will be preceded by 
 purging of all inactive boreholes.\nThe hydrochemical results will be pres
 ented as chemical ratios by use of graphs\, Piper Diagrams\, Durov Diagram
 s and Expanded Durov Diagrams. Relevant parameters will be compiled and tr
 anslated into spatial GIS maps.\nThe possible hydraulic connectivity betwe
 en the shallow and deep aquifers will be tested\, particularly in those ar
 eas where dolerite intrusions as well as fault systems may enhance prefere
 ntial flow of water\, using the chemical forensics complemented with passi
 ve seismic profiling/imaging and deep penetrating Magneto-Telluric imaging
 .\nThe research is critical for the successful governance of groundwater i
 n light of the proposed Shale Gas development.  In its absence\, effective
  regulation of the sector will not be possible.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org
 .za/event/40/contributions/3999/
LOCATION:Matjiesfontein's Lord Milner Hotel Conference Room\, Matjiesfonte
 in Station
URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/40/contributions/3999/
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