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SUMMARY:Development of a Solar Desalination Plant
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20140930T130000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20140930T131500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20261006T155352Z
UID:indico-contribution-3990@events.saip.org.za
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Danel Van Tonder (University of the North-West)\nDev
 elopment of a Solar Desalination Plant\nBy\nD. van Tonder\, Department of 
 Geology University of the North West (danel.vantonder@nwu.ac.za)\nC.J.S. F
 ourie. Environmental Water and Earth Sciences\, TUT (fouriecjs@tut.ac.za) 
  \n\nABSTRACT\nSouth Africa is considered a water scarce country and water
  quality is an additional stress affecting available water supply.  In the
  semi-arid to arid regions of the country significant salt loading in grou
 ndwater occurs where anthropogenic influences can be excluded. Treatment o
 f these water sources requires desalination. The conventional desalination
  process requires large amounts of energy\, either in the form of waste he
 at or grid electricity\, which are not available in many rural areas in So
 uth Africa.  However\, many rural communities in South Africa that do not 
 have reliable access to clean drinking water are situated in geographical 
 areas where the annual solar radiation levels are high and where saline gr
 oundwater is available. The development and optimization of the solar dist
 illation designs had to conform to the project goals of affordability\, du
 rability and performance in supplying sufficient volumes of drinking and c
 ooking water\, conforming to national health standards.  There is a strong
  argument to use clean energy generation techniques to power desalination 
 plants.  The research adopted was largely exploratory and adapted using th
 e limited number of previous studies available.  In order to evaluate the 
 effectiveness of the system a simulation of the entire system\, including 
 the solar water heating panels and proposed distillation system\, was cond
 ucted. Although the proposed design was a solar-assisted distillation syst
 em\, the distillation process could be viewed as a convective heat and mas
 s transfer problem\, as in any other distillation processes.  The mechanis
 m involves a temperature rise in the water due to absorbed solar energy an
 d heat transfer\; in turn the heated water evaporates at the air-water int
 erface which increases the humidity of the air\, the humid air is cooled t
 o condense as clean water. This process depends on the water temperature\,
  vapour pressures\, initial air humidity and a variety of moist air proper
 ties including specific heat capacity\, thermal diffusivity\, thermal cond
 uctance\, density and viscosity. The accuracy depends mainly on two temper
 atures\, namely the evaporation and condensation temperatures of a system.
  The measured evaporation temperature in the reactor and the condensate te
 mperature of the condensation tank throughout an average winter day. \n\nT
 he results revealed that for rural areas not connected to the electricity 
 grid\, it is feasible to invest in solar powered desalination systems inst
 ead of diesel powered generators. In conclusion the results have provided 
 preliminary novel evidence of the effectiveness in provision of drinking w
 ater quality water through combining renewable energy technologies with lo
 w cost desalination technology.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/40/con
 tributions/3990/
LOCATION:Matjiesfontein's Lord Milner Hotel Conference Room\, Matjiesfonte
 in Station
URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/40/contributions/3990/
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