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SUMMARY:Loud Calls as Species Markers in Fork-Marked Dwarf Lemurs (Phaner)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141002T103000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141002T104500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20261006T155327Z
UID:indico-contribution-3971@events.saip.org.za
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Derick Forbanka (DZE University of Fort Hare)\nFork-
 marked dwarf lemurs (Phaner) are nocturnal strepsirhines endemic to Madaga
 scar. Lemur systematic has witnessed the naming of many new species in the
  last decade. Four Phaner species have been recognized based on slight var
 iations in pelage colouration\, and their occupation of discontinuous rang
 es in Madagascar. Given that these lemurs are nocturnal\, according to the
  Recognition Concept of Species\, mate recognition cannot be by visual cha
 racteristics alone. The Recognition Concept of Species is the means by whi
 ch organisms attract and recognize each other referred to as the Specific 
 Mate Recognition Systems (SMRS). One of the SMRS that have been widely fol
 lowed and proven fruitful in nocturnal primates is vocalization. Each spec
 ies has particular loud call common to both sexes and used to advertise th
 eir presence to companions as well as rivals. Loud calls are species speci
 fic and constant across geographical ranges. Therefore\, loud calls provid
 e a diagnostic tool for the identification of new species. However\, loud 
 call species specificity has never been tested in the fork-marked dwarf le
 murs. Our project was underpinned by the Recognition Concept. In contrast 
 to many other lemurs\, Phaner are known to rely less on visual signals and
  recognize each other principally by means of auditory and olfactory signa
 ls. They possess a rich repertoire of loud calls related to contact and al
 arm. We applied comparative bioacoustics\, a tool successfully used to dis
 criminate other nocturnal\, cryptic species\, to investigate whether speci
 es of fork-marked dwarf lemurs can be recognized noninvasively on the basi
 s of their loud calls. Loud calls of five populations of forked-marked dwa
 rf lemurs corresponding to the four recognized species were recorded along
  existing trails in the night with the aid of a professional sound recorde
 r and directional microphone. Calls were analyzed using Sound Analysis Pro
  2011 and the data subjected to multivariate analysis to produce a dendrog
 ram and an ordination diagram based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
  Calls from all studied populations showed distinctive clusters based on t
 he described species of Phaner. These results support pelage colouration a
 nd reflect species specificity. Differences in acoustic structure may be c
 aused by genetic divergence\, divergence in size and mass of laryngeal str
 ucture\, the rate at which vocal cords open and close as well in muscles f
 or breathing and vocal production. Equally\, specific acoustic adaptation 
 to the environment\, genetic drift\, founder effects and selection factors
  may have played a role in the evolution of species specificity in the lou
 d calls of Phaner. Loud call fingerprinting may therefore be used as a non
 -invasive tool for species diagnosis and discrimination in Phaner. In addi
 tion\, it offers an easy and inexpensive way to determine species in the f
 ield as well as in the laboratory.\n\nhttps://events.saip.org.za/event/40/
 contributions/3971/
LOCATION:Matjiesfontein's Lord Milner Hotel Conference Room\, Matjiesfonte
 in Station
URL:https://events.saip.org.za/event/40/contributions/3971/
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